Table 1 The CHEERS 2022 checklist

Title

 Title

1

Identify the study as an economic evaluation and specify the interventions being compared.

_______

Abstract

 Abstract

2

Provide a structured summary that highlights context, key methods, results, and alternative analyses.

_______

Introduction

 Background and objectives

3

Give the context for the study, the study question, and its practical relevance for decision making in policy or practice.

_______

Methods

 Health economic analysis plan

4

Indicate whether a health economic analysis plan was developed and where available.

_______

 Study population

5

Describe characteristics of the study population (such as age range, demographics, socioeconomic, or clinical characteristics).

_______

 Setting and location

6

Provide relevant contextual information that may influence findings.

_______

 Comparators

7

Describe the interventions or strategies being compared and why chosen.

_______

 Perspective

8

State the perspective(s) adopted by the study and why chosen.

_______

 Time horizon

9

State the time horizon for the study and why appropriate.

_______

 Discount rate

10

Report the discount rate(s) and reason chosen.

_______

 Selection of outcomes

11

Describe what outcomes were used as the measure(s) of benefit(s) and harm(s).

_______

 Measurement of outcomes

12

Describe how outcomes used to capture benefit(s) and harm(s) were measured.

_______

 Valuation of outcomes

13

Describe the population and methods used to measure and value outcomes.

_______

 Measurement and valuation of resources and costs

14

Describe how costs were valued.

_______

 Currency, price date, and conversion

15

Report the dates of the estimated resource quantities and unit costs, plus the currency and year of conversion.

_______

 Rationale and description of model

16

If modelling is used, describe in detail and why used. Report if the model is publicly available and where it can be accessed.

_______

 Analytics and assumptions

17

Describe any methods for analysing or statistically transforming data, any extrapolation methods, and approaches for validating any model used.

_______

 Characterising heterogeneity

18

Describe any methods used for estimating how the results of the study vary for subgroups.

_______

 Characterising distributional effects

19

Describe how impacts are distributed across different individuals or adjustments made to reflect priority populations.

_______

 Characterising uncertainty

20

Describe methods to characterise any sources of uncertainty in the analysis.

_______

 Approach to engagement with patients and others affected by the study

21

Describe any approaches to engage patients or service recipients, the general public, communities, or stakeholders (such as clinicians or payers) in the design of the study.

_______

Results

 Study parameters

22

Report all analytic inputs (such as values, ranges, references) including uncertainty or distributional assumptions.

_______

 Summary of main results

23

Report the mean values for the main categories of costs and outcomes of interest and summarise them in the most appropriate overall measure.

_______

 Effect of uncertainty

24

Describe how uncertainty about analytic judgments, inputs, or projections affect findings. Report the effect of choice of discount rate and time horizon, if applicable.

_______

 Effect of engagement with patients and others affected by the study

25

Report on any difference patient/service recipient, general public, community, or stakeholder involvement made to the approach or findings of the study

_______

Discussion

 Study findings, limitations, generalisability, and current knowledge

26

Report key findings, limitations, ethical or equity considerations not captured, and how these could affect patients, policy, or practice.

_______

Other relevant information

 Source of funding

27

Describe how the study was funded and any role of the funder in the identification, design, conduct, and reporting of the analysis

_______

 Conflicts of interest

28

Report authors conflicts of interest according to journal or International Committee of Medical Journal Editors requirements.

_______