Association between adverse childhood experiences and premenstrual disorders: a cross-sectional analysis of 11,973 women

Table 2 Associations of accumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with premenstrual disorders (PMDs)

	Women, N	PMDs, N (%)	Model 1 PR (95% CI)^a	Model 2 PR (95% CI)^b	Model 3 PR (95% CI) ^c
Total number of ACEs (per ACE)	11,967	3235 (27)	1.14 (1.13–1.15)	1.13 (1.11–1.14)	1.12 (1.11–1.13)
By number of ACEs
0	2756	389 (14)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
1	2628	551 (21)	1.49 (1.32–1.67)	1.45 (1.29–1.64)	1.43 (1.27–1.61)
2	2003	526 (26)	1.86 (1.65–2.09)	1.79 (1.60–2.02)	1.76 (1.56–1.97)
3	1468	465 (32)	2.21 (1.96–2.49)	2.12 (1.88–2.38)	2.05 (1.82–2.30)
≥4	3112	1304 (42)	2.73 (2.46–3.04)	2.56 (2.30–2.85)	2.46 (2.21–2.74)

N, number; PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval
^aThe estimates were adjusted for age at the time of the survey and history of childhood deprivation
^bThe estimates were additionally adjusted for educational level, marital status, employment status, and income
^cThe estimates were additionally adjusted for age at menarche, parity, alcohol intake, smoking status, and BMI

ISSN: 1741-7015