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Table 5 One-year fall incidences (persons per 100 persons per year) according to the number and severity of previous fall among those who were “at risk” from Step 1 screening by the clinician’s 3 key questions, stratified by the Timed-Up-and-Go test result in Step 2 assessment

From: Predictive validity of the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths & Injuries (STEADI) program fall risk screening algorithms among community-dwelling Thai elderly

Risk category

Future fall incidence

Cumulative incidence

Number of falls per person

n

# Fall

IR

(95%CI)

 P value†

0

1

2+

 P value†

#

(%)

#

(%)

#

(%)

Overall

Previous fall history

    

<0.001

      

<0.001

  0 fall

114

47

41.23

(32.09, 50.83)

 

67

(58.77)

11

(9.65)

36

(31.58)

 

  1 fall, no injury

17

14

82.35

(56.57, 96.20)

a

3

(17.65)

10

(58.82)

4

(23.53)

a

  1 fall, injury

53

42

79.25

(65.89, 89.16)

a

11

(20.75)

21

(39.62)

21

(39.62)

a

  ≥2 falls

38

36

94.74

(82.25, 99.36)

a

2

(5.26)

0

(0)

36

(94.74)

a,b,c

Total

222

139

62.61

(55.89, 69.00)

 

83

(37.39)

42

(18.92

97

(43.69)

 

“NOT AT-RISK” from Step 2 assessment

Previous fall history

    

<0.001

      

<0.001

  0 fall

33

9

27.27

(13.30, 45.52)

 

24

(72.73)

1

(3.03)

8

(24.24)

 

  1 fall, no injury

7

6

85.71

(42.13, 99.64)

a

1

(14.29)

3

(42.86)

3

(42.86)

a

  1 fall, injury

12

10

83.33

(51.59, 97.91)

a

2

(16.67)

5

(41.67)

5

(41.67)

a

  ≥2 falls

8

8

100.0

(63.06, 100.0)

a

0

(0)

0

(0)

8

(100.0)

a,b,c

Total

60

33

55.00

(41.61, 67.88)

 

27

(45.00)

9

(15.00)

24

(40.00)

 

“AT-RISK” from Step 2 assessment

Previous fall history

    

<0.001

      

<0.001

  0 fall

81

38

46.91

(35.73, 58.33)

 

43

(53.09)

10

(12.35)

28

(34.57)

 

  1 fall, no injury

10

8

80.00

44.39, 97.48)

 

2

(20.00)

7

(70.00)

1

(10.00)

a

  1 fall, injury

41

32

78.05

(62.39, 89.44)

a

9

(21.95)

16

(39.02)

16

(39.02)

a

  ≥2 falls

30

28

93.33

(77.93, 99.18)

a

2

(6.67)

0

(0)

28

(93.33)

a,b,c

Total

162

106

65.43

(57.57, 72.72)

0.376‡

56

(34.57)

33

(20.37

73

(45.06)

0.338‡

  1. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, IR incidence rate (number of persons who had fallen per 100 persons per year), n number of participants, # number of fall persons or events
  2. adiffer from the “0 fall” category with p<.05; bdiffer from the “1 fall, no injury” category with p<.05; cdiffer from the “1 fall, injury” category with p<.05
  3. Fisher’s Exact test; Compared between the “Not at-risk” and “At-risk” groups