Table 3 Taxa regulated by inulin and/or PA in the gut microbiota of mice

 Firmicutes

51.31 ± 1.3^a

53.888 ± 2.866^a

41.956 ± 1.555^b

51.511 ± 1.468^a

40.511 ± 2.228^b

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Bacteroidetes

37.09 ± 1.357^ab

31.25 ± 1.885b

47.9 ± 1.123 ac

35.378 ± 1.05b

49.1 ± 1.553c

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Actinobacteria

0.091 ± 0.026^a

0.072 ± 0.016^a

1.054 ± 0.243^b

0.112 ± 0.029^a

0.334 ± 0.149^ab

0.001

0.002

 Proteobacteria

6.092 ± 0.751^ab

8.386 ± 1.38^a

4.502 ± 0.688^b

8.763 ± 0.902^a

6.182 ± 0.571^ab

0.005

0.008

 Lachnospiraceae

7.789 ± 0.935^a

6.3 ± 0.812^ab

5.081 ± 1.016^b

6.221 ± 0.614^ab

4.497 ± 0.623^ab

0.024

0.035

 Ruminococcaceae

27.91 ± 1.44^a

28.65 ± 2.351^ab

16.678 ± 1.5^bc

28.867 ± 1.047^a

9.791 ± 0.689^c

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Coriobacteriaceae

0.087 ± 0.025^ab

0.063 ± 0.014^ab

0.209 ± 0.071^a

0.09 ± 0.025^ab

0.056 ± 0.02^b

0.017

0.029

 Rikenellaceae

11.562 ± 1.723^ab

11.866 ± 1.499^ab

8.651 ± 1.26^ab

13.822 ± 0.855^a

5.727 ± 0.391^b

0.002

0.005

 Prevotellaceae

0.673 ± 0.131^ab

0.651 ± 0.213^ab

1.419 ± 0.348^ab

0.39 ± 0.056^a

1.492 ± 0.267^b

0.003

0.005

 Clostridiales_Incertae_Sedis_XIII

0.089 ± 0.011^a

0.079 ± 0.009^ab

0.038 ± 0.007^ab

0.092 ± 0.017^a

0.032 ± 0.005^b

0.001

0.003

 Bifidobacteriaceae

0 ± 0^a

0 ± 0^a

0.842 ± 0.195^b

0.015 ± 0.007^ab

0.276 ± 0.133^b

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Peptostreptococcaceae

0.262 ± 0.09^a

0.313 ± 0.068^a

0.002 ± 0.001^b

0.468 ± 0.275^a

0.002 ± 0.002^b

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Desulfovibrionaceae

0.263 ± 0.021^a

0.342 ± 0.049^ab

0.318 ± 0.075^ab

0.594 ± 0.093^b

0.168 ± 0.038^a

0.002

0.005

 Oscillibacter

8.902 ± 0.597^ab

10.54 ± 1.009^ab

6.264 ± 0.794^bc

10.742 ± 0.524^a

2.768 ± 0.334^c

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Clostridium_IV

0.375 ± 0.054^a

0.176 ± 0.013^ab

0.118 ± 0.032^b

0.163 ± 0.022^ab

0.086 ± 0.016^b

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Alistipes

11.562 ± 1.723^ab

11.853 ± 1.496^a

8.634 ± 1.255^ab

13.822 ± 0.855^a

5.718 ± 0.392^b

0.002

0.003

 Prevotella

0.173 ± 0.04^a

0.042 ± 0.019^b

0.106 ± 0.025^ab

0.054 ± 0.012^ab

0.165 ± 0.028^a

0.003

0.005

 Parabacteroides

1.869 ± 0.402^a

0.113 ± 0.031^b

0.143 ± 0.032^b

0.343 ± 0.11^b

0.895 ± 0.285^ab

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Ruminococcus

0.017 ± 0.006^ab

0.013 ± 0.005^a

0.071 ± 0.032^ab

0.018 ± 0.005^ab

0.115 ± 0.044^b

0.004

0.006

 Bifidobacterium

0 ± 0^a

0 ± 0^a

0.842 ± 0.195^b

0.015 ± 0.007^ab

0.276 ± 0.133^b

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Eisenbergiella

0.112 ± 0.052^a

0.008 ± 0.002^ab

0.001 ± 0^b

0.01 ± 0.002^ab

0.004 ± 0.002^b

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Clostridium_XlVb

0.049 ± 0.025^a

0.006 ± 0.002^ab

0 ± 0^b

0.063 ± 0.02^a

0.001 ± 0.001^b

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Macellibacteroides

0.015 ± 0.003^ab

0.002 ± 0.001^a

0.002 ± 0.001^a

0.005 ± 0.004^a

0.048 ± 0.017^b

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Romboutsia

0.262 ± 0.09^a

0.313 ± 0.068^a

0.002 ± 0.001^b

0.468 ± 0.275^a

0.002 ± 0.002^b

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis

0.017 ± 0.006

0.011 ± 0.005

0.039 ± 0.011

0.011 ± 0.004

0.041 ± 0.012

0.024

0.031

 Bilophila

0.263 ± 0.021^a

0.342 ± 0.049^ab

0.318 ± 0.075^ab

0.594 ± 0.093^b

0.168 ± 0.038^a

0.002

0.004