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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population, stratified by type of rapid antigen test and sampling method

From: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population by three prevailing rapid antigen tests: cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study

Test

BD-Veritor

SD-Biosensor

PanBio

Method of sampling

Routinely used: OP-N

Routinely used: NP

Less invasive: OP-N

Routinely used: NP

Inclusion period

12–30 Apr 2021

14–20 Apr 2021

3–17 May 2021

12–22 Apr 2021

Sample size

N = 1441

N = 1769

N = 1689

N = 2056

Age [years], mean (SD)a

41.1 (16.3)

39.5 (15.5)

37.5 (14.8)

37.6 (14.8)

Sex, female n (%)b

798 (55.6)

894 (50.7)

856 (50.8)

1075 (52.4)

Testing indication, n (%)c

 Symptomatic

501 (34.8)

952 (53.8)

759 (44.9)

1273 (61.9)

 Pre-/asymptomatic close contact of confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected individual

800 (55.6)

688 (38.9)

752 (43.9)

594 (28.9)

 Others

73 (5.1)

92 (5.2)

93 (5.5)

91 (4.4)

 Unknown

67 (4.6)

37 (2.1)

85 (5.0)

98 (4.8)

Vaccinated with at least one dose, n (%)d

152 (10.5)

96 (5.4)

224 (13.3)

167 (8.1)

 Type of vaccine, n (%)e

  Astra Zeneca

77 (50.7)

48 (50.0)

67 (29.9)

113 (67.7)

  Janssen

  

7 (3.1)

 

  Moderna

7 (4.6)

5 (5.2)

19 (8.5)

9 (5.4)

  Pfizer

63 (41.4)

36 (37.5)

121 (54.0)

43 (25.7)

  Unknown

5 (3.3)

7 (7.3)

10 (4.5)

2 (1.2)

 Number of vaccinations received, n (%)e

  1

107 (70.4)

75 (78.1)

169 (75.4)

136 (81.4)

  2

31 (20.4)

11 (11.5)

33 (14.7)

20 (12.0)

  Unknown

14 (9.2)

10 (10.4)

22 (9.8)

11 (6.6)

At least one prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, n (%)f

102 (7.1)

187 (10.6)

196 (11.6)

134 (6.5)

Symptoms at time of sampling, n (%)

662 (47.2)

1091 (62.4)

900 (55.0)

1470 (74.2)

 Symptom onset, n (%)g

  At day of sampling

19 (2.9)

91 (8.3)

70 (7.8)

240 (16.3)

  A day before sampling

189 (28.5)

482 (44.2)

374 (41.6)

610 (41.5)

  Two days before sampling

218 (32.9)

282 (25.8)

209 (23.2)

332 (22.6)

  Three or more days before sampling

252 (38.1)

250 (22.9)

247 (27.4)

286 (19.5)

  Unknown

15 (2.3)

15 (1.4)

19 (2.1)

20 (1.4)

 Type of symptoms (self-reported), n (%)g,h

  Common cold

570 (86.1)

948 (86.9)

768 (85.3)

1349 (91.8)

  Shortness of breath

113 (17.1)

137 (12.6)

121 (13.4)

197 (13.4)

  Fever

72 (10.9)

146 (13.4)

126 (14.0)

157 (10.7)

  Coughing

308 (46.5)

450 (41.2)

342 (38.0)

584 (39.7)

  Loss of taste or smell

24 (3.6)

43 (3.9)

41 (4.6)

55 (3.7)

  Muscle ache

88 (13.3)

137 (12.6)

100 (11.1)

143 (9.7)

  Other symptoms

37 (5.6)

18 (1.6)

54 (6.0)

74 (5.0)

  1. In the Netherlands, individuals are notified of a close contact by the Dutch public health service test-and-trace programme and/or the Dutch contact-tracing mobile phone application (the CoronaMelder app) and/or an individual with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (index case)
  2. NP deep nasopharyngeal, OP-N combined oropharyngeal and nasal sampling, SD standard deviation
  3. aAge was not available from 3, 4, 4, and 2 participants in the BD-Veritor group, SD-Biosensor NP group, SD-Biosensor OP-N group, and PanBio NP group, respectively
  4. bSex was not available from 6, 4, 3, and 4 participants in the BD-Veritor group, SD-Biosensor NP group, SD-Biosensor OP-N group, and PanBio NP group, respectively
  5. cIndication for testing was referral for other reasons for 73, 92, 93, and 91 participants and unknown for 67, 37, 85, and 98 participants in the BD-Veritor group, SD-Biosensor NP group, SD-Biosensor OP-N group, and PanBio NP group, respectively
  6. dCOVID-19 vaccination status was not available from 34, 14, 53, and 72 participants, including 7, 0, 4, and 7 with a positive molecular test result, in the BD-Veritor group, SD-Biosensor NP group, SD-Biosensor OP-N group, and PanBio NP group, respectively
  7. ePercentage calculated as the proportion of those vaccinated
  8. fPrevious SARS-CoV-2 infection information was not available from 48, 14, 56, and 72 participants in the BD-Veritor group, SD-Biosensor NP group, SD-Biosensor OP-N group, and PanBio NP group, respectively
  9. gPercentage calculated as the proportion of those with symptoms at the time of sampling
  10. hTotals add up to a number higher than the number of individuals with symptoms at the time of sampling because individuals could report more than one symptom
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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