Diabetic kidney disease and risk of incident stroke among adults with type 2 diabetes

Table 2 Rates and hazard ratios of incident stroke by measures of kidney function

Kidney function measures	No events/no at risk	P-years	Rate/1000 p-years	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
Kidney function measures	No events/no at risk	P-years	Rate/1000 p-years	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Albuminuria
*Normal*	74/6240	30112.4	2.5 (2.0–3.1)	1 (reference)	…	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
*Moderate*	57/2337	11077.5	5.1 (4.0–6.7)	1.99 (1.41–2.83)	< 0.001	1.63 (1.13–2.33)	0.009	1.62 (1.13–2.33)	0.009	1.61 (1.12–2.32)	0.010
*Severe*	25/593	2735.2	9.1 (6.2–13.5)	3.69 (2.34–5.81)	< 0.001	2.47 (1.50–4.06)	< 0.001	2.43 (1.47–3.99)	0.001	2.29 (1.39–3.80)	0.001
*Ln (UACR)*	156/9170	43925.0	3.6 (3.0–4.2)	1.64 (1.44–1.87)	< 0.001	1.47 (1.27–1.70)	< 0.001	1.47 (1.26–1.70)	< 0.001	1.44 (1.24–1.68)	< 0.001
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²
*Normal*	123/8211	39205.5	3.1 (2.6–3.7)	1 (reference)	…	1 (reference)	…	1 (reference)	…	1 (reference)
*Decreased*	33/959	4719.5	7.0 (5.0–9.8)	1.83 (1.22–2.74)	0.004	1.60 (1.05–2.43)	0.030	1.55 (1.02–2.37)	0.042	1.50 (0.98–2.29)	0.060
*Ln (eGFR)*	156/9170	43925.0	3.6 (3.0–4.2)	1.26 (1.09–1.47)	0.003	1.22 (1.04–1.42)	0.014	1.21 (1.03–1.41)	0.020	1.18 (1.01–1.38)	0.034

Albuminuria was classified based on UACR as normal (UACR< 30 mg/g), moderate (UACR 30 to < 300 mg/g), and severe (UACR ≥ 300 mg/g). eGFR was categorized as decreased (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²) or normal (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m²)
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race, and treatment arm; model 2, model 1 variables plus duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A_1C, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake; body mass index, total-to-HDL cholesterol, systolic BP, use of BP-lowering medications, atrial fibrillation; history of CVD (excluding stroke) at baseline; model 3, model 2 variables plus use of antiplatelet agents (including aspirin)/ anticoagulants, diuretics, ACEI/ARB; model 4, model 3 variables plus eGFR (when assessing UACR) or UACR (when assessing eGFR). For continuous measures, hazard ratios are reported per 1-SD increment of the natural logarithm (ln) of UACR (SD = 1.46) or 1-SD decrease of the natural logarithm (ln) of eGFR (SD = 0.23).ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin-II receptor blockers, BP blood pressure, CI confidence interval, CVD cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HR hazard ratio, p-years person-years, SD standard deviation, UACR urine albumin-creatinine ratio

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