A healthy dietary metabolic signature is associated with a lower risk for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease

Table 2 The association between the metabolic signature and future cardiometabolic disease risk in MDC and MPP

Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC)	Model	Person years at risk	N cases	Hazard ratio (HR)	P
Incident T2D	1	54508	322	0.58 (0.52–0.65)	2E− 22
Incident T2D	2	54508	322	0.58 (0.52–0.66)	3E− 18
Incident T2D	3	54508	322	0.73 (0.63–0.83)	3E− 06
Incident CAD	1	55463	303	0.73 (0.65–0.82)	9E− 08
Incident CAD	2	55463	303	0.87 (0.77–0.99)	0.03
Incident CAD	3	55463	303	0.94 (0.82–1.07)	3
Malmö Preventive Project (MPP)	Model	N total	N cases	Odds ratio (OR)	p
Incident T2D	1	701	203	0.53 (0.44–0.63)	2E− 11
Incident T2D	2	701	203	0.54 (0.44–0.65)	1E− 09
Incident T2D	3	701	203	0.70 (0.55–0.88)	0.003
Incident CAD	1	880	382	0.78 (0.68–0.89)	4E− 4
Incident CAD	2	880	382	0.86 (0.74–1.00)	0.06
Incident CAD	3	880	382	0.93 (0.78–1.11)	0.4

Results from Cox proportional hazard models in MDC and logistics regressions in MPP associating the metabolic signature with risk for type 2 diabetes and CAD. Model 2 is adjusted for smoking status, age, sex and physical activity and model 3 is adjusted for smoking status, age, sex, physical activity, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and treatment of anti-hypertensive medicine. In MDC, model 2 and 3 was additionally adjusted for alcohol intake
The odds rations and hazard ratios are standardised to 1 SD increment of the metabolic signature
T2D Type 2 diabetes, CAD Coronary artery disease

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