Fig. 4

Transient treatment with Nutlin-3 leads to long-lasting gene expression changes in the hippocampus of FMR1-deficient mice. a Experimental timeline for sample collection and transcriptomic profiling of the hippocampal tissue of Fmr1 KO and WT mice injected with Nutlin-3 (Nut3) or vehicle (Veh) (n = 3 per group). b M-A plot of M (log ratio) and A (mean average) displaying log₂ fold change of genes compared with the mean expression levels of all genes with log₂ fold change thresholds between − 3 and 3. The genes identified differential expression (adjusted P < 0.05) are indicated as blue dots. c Volcano plot showing the gene fold changes and adjusted P-values between KO-Veh and KO-Nutl3 groups. The most upregulated genes are towards the right, the most downregulated genes are towards the left, and the most statistically significant genes are towards the top. The red points are the genes with adjusted P-value < 0.05. d Venn diagram showing the overlap patterns of differentially expressed genes between the different experimental groups. e The numbers of up (blue) and down (red) regulated genes between KO-Veh and WT-Veh and between KO-Nut3 and KO-Veh