Fig. 5

Mediation analysis for the role of gut microbes in the association between adiposity and insulin resistance-related phenotypes. A The mediation effect of Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3 1 57FAA CT1 on the association between adiposity and HOMA-IR. B The mediation effect of Clostridium hathewayi on the association between adiposity and HOMA-IR. C The mediation effect of Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3 1 57FAA CT1 on the association between adiposity and fasting insulin. D The mediation effect of Megamonas unclassified on the association between adiposity and HbA1c. In the mediation analysis, age, sex, smoking status, alcohol status, education, income, physical activity, total energy intake, Bristol stool score, time interval, and corresponding baseline gut microbes and insulin resistance-related phenotypes were adjusted. ACME, average causal mediation effects; ADE, average direct effect; FDR, false discovery rate; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c