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Table 1 Participant characteristics at baseline according to the number of ideal cardiovascular health in the RIVANA cohort (n = 3826)

From: Association of ideal cardiovascular health with cardiovascular events and risk advancement periods in a Mediterranean population-based cohort

Baseline characteristics

Number of metrics for ideal cardiovascular health

0–2

3

4

5–7

N (frequency)

767

1062

948

1049

Age, years

54.8 (11.7)

55.7 (12.3)

53.7 (12.5)

47.7 (10.8)

Sex, men, n (%)

513 (66.9%)

538 (50.7%)

400 (42.2%)

238 (22.7%)

Higher level of attained education, n (%)

 Primary or less

477 (62%)

662 (62%)

514 (54%)

419 (40%)

 Secondary

162 (21%)

217 (20%)

223 (24%)

281 (27%)

 College/university

128 (17%)

183 (17%)

211 (22%)

349 (33%)

Occupation, n (%)

 Executives/managers

183 (24%)

237 (22%)

242 (26%)

304 (29%)

 Clerical workers

225 (29%)

297 (28%)

280 (30%)

296 (28%)

 Manual workers

359 (47%)

528 (50%)

426 (45%)

449 (43%)

BMI, kg/m2

29.5 (4.2)

28.4 (4.2)

26.4 (4.2)

23.7 (3.1)

Physical activity at baseline, METs-min/week

2028 (2204)

2713 (2263)

2772 (2274)

2960 (2358)

aAlcohol consumption, n (%)

 Never

364 (47%)

540 (51%)

514 (54%)

648 (62%)

 Light

99 (13%)

172 (16%)

160 (17%)

195 (19%)

 Moderate

279 (36%)

335 (32%)

262 (28%)

200 (19%)

 Heavy

25 (3%)

15 (1%)

12 (1%)

6 (1%)

Adherence to the MedDiet (14 item MedDiet score)

7.6 (1.8)

8.7 (2.1)

9.0 (2.0)

9.3 (1.9)

Systolic BP, mmHg

141 (16)

138 (18)

132 (18)

118 (15)

Diastolic BP, mmHg

84 (9)

83 (10)

80 (10)

73 (9)

Fasting blood glucose, mg/dl

111 (26)

105 (23)

97 (18)

91 (10)

Total cholesterol, mg/dl

227 (35)

221 (36)

210 (36)

198 (37)

LDL cholesterol, mg/dl

141 (33)

136 (33)

125 (31)

113 (32)

HDL cholesterol, mg/dl

58 (15)

62 (16)

65 (16)

71 (16)

Ratio TC: HDL-c (×100)

4.1 (1.2)

3.8 (1.1)

3.4 (0.9)

2.9 (0.7)

Triglycerides, mg/dl

153 (124)

124 (76)

103 (58)

78 (38)

C-reactive protein, mg/dl

10.9 (25.7)

10.1 (24.2)

9.6 (39.0)

5.8 (15.8)

Medications at baseline, n (%)

 Antihypertensive therapy

177 (23%)

239 (23%)

142 (15%)

47 (4%)

 Lipid-lowering therapy

107 (14%)

119 (11%)

65 (7%)

28 (3%)

 Antidiabetic agents

52 (7%)

52 (5%)

22 (2%)

8 (1%)

Cardiovascular health metrics, n (%)

 Never-smokerb

273 (36%)

704 (66%)

653 (69%)

819 (78%)

 MedDiet, ≥ 9 points

178 (23%)

581 (55%)

602 (64%)

788 (75%)

 Physical activity, ≥ 500 METs-min/week

572 (75%)

971 (91%)

897 (95%)

1026 (98%)

 BMI, < 25 kg/m2

41 (5%)

160 (15%)

381 (40%)

811 (77%)

 Total cholesterol, untreated and < 200 mg/dl

80 (10%)

210 (20%)

354 (37%)

643 (61%)

 Systolic and diastolic BP, untreated and < 120/80 mmHg

18 (2%)

93 (9%)

215 (23%)

686 (65%)

 Fasting blood glucose, untreated and < 100 mg/dl

181 (24%)

467 (44%)

690 (73%)

965 (92%)

  1. Values are means (SD) unless otherwise indicated
  2. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, HDL high-density lipoprotein, kg/m2 kilograms per (meter squared), LDL low-density lipoprotein, MedDiet Mediterranean diet, MET metabolic equivalent, min/w minutes per week, mg/dL milligrams per deciliter, mm/Hg millimeters of mercury, Ratio TC HDL-c ratio total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol
  3. aAlcohol consumption was defined as follows: never (0 g/day), light (< 5 g/day), moderate (women: 5–15 g/day and men 5–30 g/day), heavy (women: > 15 g/day and men > 30 g/day)
  4. bNever-smoker or quitting > 12 months ago
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BMC Medicine

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