Fig. 2

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4⁺ T cells by helminth antigens in COVID-19 patients. Dot plots are representative of the frequencies of double positive CD4⁺, expressing CD69 and CD137 after incubation in culture medium (A), with SPP (B), helminth antigens OvAg (C), BmAg (D), AlAg (E) alone, or SPP in combination with OvAg (F), BmAg (G), or AlAg (H). Graphs summarize the frequencies of CD69⁺ and CD137⁺ in CD4⁺ T cell populations in the different settings (I–K). Each symbol represents individual donors. Bars indicate means ± SEM of the percentage of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in each setting. Data were obtained from 50 COVID-19 patients