Table 3 CMM risks in patients with the specific cardiometabolic disease according to the consumption of three types of beverages in UK Biobank at 2021 (N = 37,994)
| Â | Numbers | Cases | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sugar-sweetened beverages | ||||
 Hypertension | 0/day | 22,356 | 3262 | 1 (ref) |
0–1/day | 8801 | 1336 | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | |
>1/day | 2333 | 426 | 1.22 (1.10–1.36) | |
 CVD | 0/day | 1625 | 499 | 1 (ref) |
>0/day | 785 | 233 | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | |
 Diabetes | 0/day | 1534 | 473 | 1 (ref) |
>0/day | 560 | 170 | 0.94 (0.78–1.13) | |
Artificially sweetened beverages | ||||
 Hypertension | 0/day | 26,134 | 3931 | 1 (ref) |
0–1/day | 5413 | 774 | 0.96 (0.89–1.04) | |
>1/day | 1943 | 319 | 1.08 (0.96–1.22) | |
 CVD | 0/day | 1970 | 599 | 1 (ref) |
>0/day | 440 | 133 | 1.03 (0.85–1.25) | |
 Diabetes | 0/day | 1397 | 422 | 1 (ref) |
>0/day | 697 | 221 | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) | |
Pure fruit/vegetable juices | ||||
 Hypertension | 0/day | 15,991 | 2509 | 1 (ref) |
0–1/day | 15,054 | 2146 | 0.91 (0.86–0.97) | |
>1/day | 2445 | 369 | 0.92 (0.82–1.03) | |
 CVD | 0/day | 1181 | 396 | 1 (ref) |
>0/day | 1229 | 336 | 0.79 (0.68–0.92) | |
 Diabetes | 0/day | 1242 | 378 | 1 (ref) |
>0/day | 852 | 265 | 1.00 (0.85–1.17) | |