Table 2 Characteristics of included studies
Intervention | Indication | No. of studies | Parallel/crossover | Maximum dose | Comparator | Treatment length (weeks) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dronabinol | Chronic pain | 16 | 9/7 | 8–129.6 mg. Most common: 2.5–15 mg (n = 11) | Placebo | Acute to 156. Most common: acute (n = 5) |
1 | 0/1 | 20Â mg | Active | 8 | ||
Spasticity | 6 | 4/2 | 2.5–60 mg | Placebo |  < 1 week to 144. Most common: 4 (n = 2) | |
Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite | 14 | 6/8 | 5–129.6 mg. Most common: 5–20 mg (n = 12) | Placebo | Acute to 6. Most common: 1–5 days (n = 8) | |
6 | 3/3 | 5–100 mg. Most common: 5–10 (n = 3) | Active | Acute to 9.8. Most common: acute (n = 4) | ||
ALS | 1 | 0/1 | 10Â mg | Placebo | 2 | |
Dystonia | 1 | 0/1 | 15Â mg | Placebo | 8 | |
Glaucoma | 1 | 0/1 | 5Â mg | Placebo | Acute | |
IBS | 2 | 1/1 | 2.5–10 mg | Placebo | Acute | |
MS | 3 | 3/0 | 25–8 mg | Placebo | 14 (n = 2), 156 (n = 1) | |
Anorexia Nervosa | 1 | 0/1 | 5Â mg | Placebo | 4 | |
1 | 0/1 | 30Â mg | Active | 2 | ||
Anxiety | 8 | 3/5 | 5–30 mg. Most common: 10 mg (n = 6) | Placebo | Acute to 7.3. Most common: acute (n = 6) | |
2 | 1/1 | 30–50 mg | Active | Acute to 6 | ||
Depression | 8 | 4/4 | 5–30 mg. Most common: 5–10 mg (n = 7) | Placebo |  < 1 week to 156. Most common: less than 1 week (n = 4) | |
2 | 1/1 | 30–50 mg | Active | Acute and 6 | ||
Dementia | 3 | 1/2 | 1.5–5 mg | Placebo | 1 to 6 | |
PTSD | 1 | 1/0 | 7.5Â mg | Placebo | Acute | |
Psychosis/schizophrenia | 1 | 0/1 | 2.5–5 mg | Placebo | Acute | |
Sleep | 8 | 4/4 | 2.5–129.6 mg. Most common: 10 mg (n = 3), 129.6 mg (n = 2) | Placebo |  < 1 week to 14. Most common: less than 1 week to 2 (n = 5) | |
2 | 1/1 | 30Â mg | Active | 2 and 6 | ||
SUDs | 4 | 1/3 | 5–40 mg | Placebo | Acute (n = 2), < 1 week and 8 | |
1 | 1/0 | 30Â mg | Active | 6 | ||
Tourette | 2 | 1/1 | 5–10 mg | Placebo | Acute and 6 | |
Nabilone | Chronic pain | 9 | 6/3 | 0.25–4 mg. Most common: 2 mg (n = 5) | Placebo | 4 to 9. Most common: 4 (n = 4) |
3 | 0/3 | 0.5–2 mg | Active | 2 to 8 | ||
Spasticity | 2 | 0/2 | 1Â mg | Placebo | 4 | |
Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite | 6 | 3/3 | 0.5–6 mg. Most common: 0.5–2 mg (n = 4) | Placebo | Acute/ < 1 week (n = 3) to 6–8 (n = 3) | |
11 | 3/8 | 1–8 mg. Most common: 1–4 mg (n = 10) | Active | Acute to 1 | ||
Huntington | 1 | 0/1 | 1 and 2Â mg | Placebo | 5 | |
Dystonia | 1 | 0/1 | 0.03Â mg | Placebo | Acute | |
Parkinson | 2 | 1/1 | 0.06 and 2Â mg | Placebo | Acute and 4 | |
Anxiety | 8 | 5/3 | 1–8 mg | Placebo |  < 1 week to 10 | |
2 | 0/2 | 0.5 and 2Â mg | Active | 6 and 8 | ||
Dementia | 1 | 0/1 | 2Â mg | Placebo | 6 | |
Depression | 5 | 4/1 | 1–5 mg | Placebo | Acute to 10. Most common: 4–5 (n = 3) | |
2 | 0/2 | 0.5 and 2Â mg | Active | 6 and 8 | ||
PTSD | 1 | 0/1 | 3Â mg | Placebo | 7 | |
Sleep | 7 | 4/3 | 1–8 mg. Most common: 1–4 mg (n = 6) | Placebo |  < 1 week to 8 | |
2 | 0/2 | 0.5, 1 and 2Â mg | Active | 2 and 6 | ||
SUDs | 3 | 1/2 | 2, 6 and 8 mg | Placebo |  < 1 week (n = 2) and 10 | |
Cannabidiol | Chronic pain | 1 | 1/0 | 20Â mg, 30Â mg | Placebo | 12 |
Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite | 1 | 1/0 | 200Â mg | Placebo | 13 | |
Huntington | 1 | 0/1 | 10Â mg | Placebo | 6 | |
Epilepsy | 6 | 6/0 | 10–300 mg. Most common: 10–20 mg (n = 4) | Placebo | 14 (n = 4), 16 and 18 | |
Parkinson | 3 | 2/1 | 75 and 300Â mg | Placebo | Acute, 6 and 12 | |
Anxiety | 11 | 9/2 | 400–800 mg. Most common: 300 mg (n = 4), 400 mg (n = 3) | Placebo | Acute to 12. Most common: acute to < 1 week (n = 5) | |
Depression | 6 | 6/0 | 75–400 mg | Placebo | 1 to 13 | |
Psychosis/schizophrenia | 4 | 3/1 | 300 mg, 600 mg (n = 2) and 1000 mg | Placebo | Acute (n = 2) and 6 (n = 2) | |
1 | 1/0 | 800Â mg | Active | 4 | ||
Sleep | 9 | 9/0 | 10–1000 mg. Most common: 10–20 mg (n = 5) | Placebo | 1 to 14. Most common: 12–14 (n = 5) | |
SUDs | 7 | 6/2 | 400–800 mg. Most common doses: 800 mg (n = 5) | Placebo | Acute to 13. Most common: < 1 week (n = 4) | |
Nabiximols | Chronic pain | 20 | 16/4 | 10.8–129.6 mg THC: 10–120 mg CBD. Most common: 32.4 mg THC: 30 mg:CBD (n = 7), 129.6 mg THC: 120 mg CBD (n = 5) | Placebo | 2 to 14. Most common: 5 (n = 6), 12 (n = 4) |
Spasticity | 14 | 6/4 | 8.1–129.6 mg THC: 7.5–120 mg CBD. Most common: 32.4 mg THC: 30 mg:CBD (n = 6), 129.6 mg THC: 120 mg CBD (n = 2) | Placebo | 2 to 14. Most common: 12 (n = 3), 6 (n = 3), 4 (n = 3) | |
Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite | 8 | 6/2 | 5–129.6 mg THC: 2–120 mg CBD | Placebo |  < 1 week to 12. Most common: < 1 week (n = 3) | |
ALS | 1 | 1/0 | 32.4Â mg THC: 30Â mg CBD | Placebo | 6 | |
Chorea Hunington | 1 | 0/1 | 32.4Â mg THC: 30Â mg CBD | Placebo | 12 | |
Dystonia | 1 | 0/1 | 32.4Â mg THC: 30Â mg CBD | Placebo | 12 | |
Glaucoma | 1 | 0/1 | CBD: THC (1:21). 20, 40Â mg | Placebo | Acute | |
MS | 5 | 4/1 | 30–129.6 mg THC: 10.8–120 mg CBD | Placebo | 2 to 14. Most common: 14 (n = 2) | |
ADHD | 1 | 1/0 | 37.8Â mg THC: 35Â mg CBD | Placebo | 6 | |
Depression | 8 | 5/3 | 32.4–129.6 mg THC: 30–120 mg CBD. Most common: 32.4 mg THC: 30 mg:CBD (n = 2) | Placebo |  < 1 week to 12. Most common: 12 (n = 3) | |
Anxiety | 6 | 3/3 | 30–129.6 mg THC: 10.8–120 mg CBD | Placebo | 3 to 12. Most common: 12 (n = 2) | |
Sleep | 22 | 18/4 | 16.2–129.6 mg THC: 15–120 mg CBD. Most common: 32.4 mg THC: 30 mg:CBD (n = 6), 129.6 mg THC: 120 mg CBD (n = 4) | Placebo |  < 1 week to 14. Most common: 5 (n = 6), 12 (n = 4) | |
SUDs | 4 | 3/1 | 64.8–113.4 mg THC: 60–105 mg CBD | Placebo |  < 1 week to 12. Most common: 12 (n = 2) |