Table 1 Sample characteristics of individuals with and without mental disorders
| Â | Depression | Bipolar disorder | Anxiety disorder | No mental disorder |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N=76586 | N=3029 | N=37779 | N=220794 | |
Age | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 55.13 (7.92) | 54.31 (8.00) | 55.72 (7.89) | 56.43 (8.15) |
Sex | ||||
 Female | 50040 (65.3%) | 1710 (56.5%) | 24944 (66.0%) | 109447 (49.6%) |
 Male | 26546 (34.7%) | 1319 (43.5%) | 12835 (34.0%) | 111347 (50.4%) |
Neighbourhood deprivation | ||||
 Mean (SD) | − 1.48 (2.91) | − 1.10 (3.02) | − 1.62 (2.87) | − 1.78 (2.83) |
Ethnicity | ||||
 White | 73868 (96.5%) | 2855 (94.3%) | 36754 (97.3%) | 209251 (94.8%) |
 Mixed-race | 522 (0.7%) | 28 (0.9%) | 191 (0.5%) | 1105 (0.5%) |
 Black | 613 (0.8%) | 41 (1.4%) | 248 (0.7%) | 3280 (1.5%) |
 Asian | 955 (1.2%) | 67 (2.2%) | 351 (0.9%) | 4521 (2.0%) |
 Chinese | 120 (0.2%) | 6 (0.2%) | 42 (0.1%) | 822 (0.4%) |
 Other | 508 (0.7%) | 32 (1.1%) | 193 (0.5%) | 1815 (0.8%) |
Highest qualification | ||||
 None | 10642 (13.9%) | 316 (10.4%) | 5197 (13.8%) | 35669 (16.2%) |
 O levels/GCSEs/CSEs | 21309 (27.8%) | 794 (26.2%) | 10465 (27.7%) | 61512 (27.9%) |
 A levels/NVQ/HND/HNCa | 18105 (23.6%) | 714 (23.6%) | 8931 (23.6%) | 51268 (23.2%) |
 Degree | 26530 (34.6%) | 1205 (39.8%) | 13186 (34.9%) | 72345 (32.8%) |
Spouse/partner cohabitation | ||||
 No | 10864 (14.2%) | 521 (17.2%) | 4736 (12.5%) | 19148 (8.7%) |
 Yes | 65722 (85.8%) | 2508 (82.8%) | 33043 (87.5%) | 201646 (91.3%) |
Smoking status | ||||
 Never | 39622 (51.7%) | 1408 (46.5%) | 19868 (52.6%) | 126857 (57.5%) |
 Former | 28321 (37.0%) | 1122 (37.0%) | 14128 (37.4%) | 75365 (34.1%) |
 Current | 8643 (11.3%) | 499 (16.5%) | 3783 (10.0%) | 18572 (8.4%) |
Alcohol intake frequency | ||||
 Never | 6242 (8.2%) | 329 (10.9%) | 3163 (8.4%) | 14311 (6.5%) |
 Special occasions | 9487 (12.4%) | 410 (13.5%) | 4552 (12.0%) | 21354 (9.7%) |
 1–3/month | 9314 (12.2%) | 352 (11.6%) | 4256 (11.3%) | 22680 (10.3%) |
 1–2/week | 19101 (24.9%) | 724 (23.9%) | 9271 (24.5%) | 59197 (26.8%) |
 3–4/week | 16966 (22.2%) | 578 (19.1%) | 8554 (22.6%) | 55923 (25.3%) |
 Daily/almost daily | 15476 (20.2%) | 636 (21.0%) | 7983 (21.1%) | 47329 (21.4%) |
Body mass index | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 27.68 (5.07) | 28.15 (5.37) | 27.36 (4.96) | 27.19 (4.44) |
Systolic blood pressure | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 135.00 (18.15) | 133.79 (17.61) | 135.89 (18.34) | 138.64 (18.61) |
Diastolic blood pressure | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 81.54 (10.06) | 81.53 (10.15) | 81.66 (10.02) | 82.50 (10.06) |
Cholesterol | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 5.72 (1.14) | 5.67 (1.15) | 5.74 (1.13) | 5.70 (1.13) |
Multimorbidity count | ||||
 None | 12689 (16.6%) | 380 (12.5%) | 5930 (15.7%) | 62516 (28.3%) |
 One | 18249 (23.8%) | 651 (21.5%) | 8790 (23.3%) | 62660 (28.4%) |
 Two | 15760 (20.6%) | 620 (20.5%) | 7939 (21.0%) | 43558 (19.7%) |
 Three | 11656 (15.2%) | 516 (17.0%) | 5934 (15.7%) | 25471 (11.5%) |
 Four | 7485 (9.8%) | 342 (11.3%) | 3784 (10.0%) | 13374 (6.1%) |
 Five or more | 10747 (14.0%) | 520 (17.2%) | 5402 (14.3%) | 13215 (6.0%) |
Antidepressant use | ||||
 No | 60326 (78.8%) | 2175 (71.8%) | 29869 (79.1%) | 220794 (100.0%) |
 Yes | 16260 (21.2%) | 854 (28.2%) | 7910 (20.9%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Antipsychotic use | ||||
 No | 76276 (99.6%) | 2827 (93.3%) | 37586 (99.5%) | 220794 (100.0%) |
 Yes | 310 (0.4%) | 202 (6.7%) | 193 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Lithium use | ||||
 No | 76486 (99.9%) | 2755 (91.0%) | 37740 (99.9%) | 220794 (100.0%) |
 Yes | 100 (0.1%) | 274 (9.0%) | 39 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Frailty phenotype | ||||
 Non-frail | 35473 (46.3%) | 1284 (42.4%) | 18007 (47.7%) | 125980 (57.1%) |
 Pre-frail | 37549 (49.0%) | 1579 (52.1%) | 18199 (48.2%) | 90881 (41.2%) |
 Frail | 3564 (4.7%) | 166 (5.5%) | 1573 (4.2%) | 3933 (1.8%) |
Frailty phenotype count | ||||
 None | 35473 (46.3%) | 1284 (42.4%) | 18007 (47.7%) | 125980 (57.1%) |
 One | 27560 (36.0%) | 1143 (37.7%) | 13578 (35.9%) | 72679 (32.9%) |
 Two | 9989 (13.0%) | 436 (14.4%) | 4621 (12.2%) | 18202 (8.2%) |
 Three | 2870 (3.7%) | 134 (4.4%) | 1264 (3.3%) | 3376 (1.5%) |
 Four | 632 (0.8%) | 30 (1.0%) | 277 (0.7%) | 523 (0.2%) |
 Five | 62 (0.1%) | 2 (0.1%) | 32 (0.1%) | 34 (0.0%) |
 Mean (SD) | 0.77 (0.88) | 0.84 (0.91) | 0.74 (0.86) | 0.55 (0.73) |
Frailty index | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 0.15 (0.08) | 0.17 (0.08) | 0.15 (0.08) | 0.10 (0.06) |
Frailty index categories | ||||
 Non-frail | 14397 (18.8%) | 445 (14.7%) | 6641 (17.6%) | 88189 (39.9%) |
 Pre-frail | 53280 (69.6%) | 2098 (69.3%) | 26581 (70.4%) | 125648 (56.9%) |
 Frail | 8909 (11.6%) | 486 (16.0%) | 4557 (12.1%) | 6957 (3.2%) |