Regular proton pump inhibitor use and incident dementia: population-based cohort study

Table 3 Associations of regular PPI use with incident dementia in propensity score matching model

Outcomes	PPI non-users (n = 107,470)	PPI users (n = 53,735)	PSM model 3^a
Outcomes	No. of events (%)	No. of events (%)	HR (95% CI)	P-value
All-cause dementia	907 (0.84)	497 (0.92)	1.22 (1.08–1.37)	0.001
Alzheimer’s disease	321 (0.30)	180 (0.33)	1.25 (1.02–1.52)	0.028
Vascular dementia	223 (0.21)	132 (0.25)	1.30 (1.03–1.65)	0.028

Abbreviations: PPI proton pump inhibitor, PSM propensity score matching, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
^aPropensity scores were derived from logistic regression, which included age, sex, ethnicity, education, household income, Townsend deprivation index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, BMI, occupational exposure, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, stroke, traumatic brain injury, depression, anxiety, sleep apnea, cancer, GERD, Barrett’s esophagus, gastroduodenal ulcer, and regular use of medications (statin, antihypertensive drugs, anticholinergic drugs, benzodiazepines, z-hypnotics, aspirin, non-aspirin NSAIDs, multivitamin, and H2RA use)

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