Fig. 1

Reduction of fibrosis by dapagliflozin and morphologic changes by histological analysis. A Myocardial tissue was stained with Masson’s trichrome. B Collagen fiber deposition of the plaques is represented using Sirius Red staining. Sirius Red percentage for myocardial tissue in each group. C–F The plaques were shown using immunohistochemistry staining of α-SMA, Fibronectin, TGF-β1, and 3-nitrotyrosine. G, H The expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2 and direct effects of dapagliflozin on immunohistochemistry analysis in myocardial tissue. Scale bar = 200μm. I RT-PCR analyses of indicated genes in myocardial tissue. J Western blot analyses of indicated genes in myocardial tissue (n = 4 per group). K Real-time PCR expressions of SGLT1 and SGLT2 in myocardial tissue. Values are means ± SEM (n = 10 per group). ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 compared to control group, ^†p < 0.05, ^††p < 0.01, ^†††p < 0.001 compared to diabetes group