Fig. 3

Cytokine concentration levels in asymptomatic and symptomatic cases. A Cytokine abundance among all COVID-19 patients and B comparison of cytokine concentration levels between COVID-19 symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The cytokine concentration levels were measured from plasma of COVID-19 (n = 61) patients which were collected weekly for 4 weeks (medians of the time points). The bars depict the mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). The cytokine concentration levels were measured from plasma of COVID-19 symptomatic (n = 29) and asymptomatic (n =32) individuals. The median cytokine quantities per participant category obtained by extracting the medians across the time points per patient are shown by a horizontal line across the violin plots while the lower and upper dotted lines represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively. Statistical significance between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were determined by a two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test (ns: p >0.05, *p <0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001