The impact of cardiovascular health and frailty on mortality for males and females across the life course

Table 2 Association of frailty and cardiovascular health with mortality in females

Model	Term	Group	N	Mortality rate, N (%)		HR (95% CI)	SHR (95% CI)
				All-cause	CVD-related	All-cause	CVD-related
1	33-FI	Continuous	18,095	1,820 (7.7%)	554 (2.1%)	1.04 (1.03,1.04)	1.02 (1.02,1.03)
	LS7	Continuous	18,095	1,820 (7.7%)	554 (2.1%)	0.95 (0.92,0.98)	0.91 (0.87,0.95)
2	33-FI	0.0–0.1	10,814	421 (2.9%)	100 (0.6%)	Reference
		0.1–0.2	4115	491 (10.3%)	153 (3.0%)	1.49 (1.29,1.72)	1.47 (1.13,1.91)
		0.2–0.3	1,641	392 (21.6%)	130 (6.3%)	2.25 (1.87,2.70)	1.92 (1.45,2.56)
		0.3<	1,525	516 (31.7%)	171 (9.6%)	3.52 (2.94,4.21)	2.52 (1.91,3.32)
	LS7	3rd tertile	4,860	162 (2.2%)	40 (0.5%)	Reference
		2nd tertile	5,577	475 (7.0%)	118 (1.6%)	1.40 (1.11,1.77)	0.94 (0.66,1.35)
		1st tertile	7,658	1,183 (12.7%)	396 (3.8%)	1.52 (1.21,1.89)	1.43 (1.02,2.01)
3	40-FI	Continuous	18,095	1,820 (7.7%)	554 (2.1%)	1.05 (1.04,1.05)	1.04 (1.03,1.04)
4	40-FI	0.0–0.1	5,420	111 (1.4%)	21 (0.2%)	Reference
		0.1–0.2	7,593	503 (5.4%)	138 (1.4%)	1.54 (1.12,2.12)	1.45 (0.90,2.31)
		0.2–0.3	2,921	513 (15.7%)	166 (4.7%)	2.43 (1.76,3.35)	2.12 (1.31,3.45)
		0.3<	2,161	693 (29.9%)	229 (8.9%)	4.62 (3.24,6.59)	3.25 (2.00,5.27)

Cox regression models were used for all-cause mortality; Fine-Gray models were used for CVD-related mortality. All models are adjusted for age, education level, diagnosis of CVD, NHANES cycle number, and race. Higher LS7 tertiles indicate better cardiovascular health, lower FI indicate better overall health. Hazard ratio for all-cause mortality is weighted; all mortality rate percentages are weighted. HR hazard ratio, SHR sub-distributional hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, CVD cardiovascular, FI frailty index, LS7 Life’s Simple 7 score, 33-FI FI with 33 items, 40-FI 33-item FI combined with 7 items from the LS7. Bolded text indicates alpha < 0.05

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