Table 1 Characteristics of EDEN participants with available blood pressure and DNA methylation measurements for each considered time window. BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HDP, hypertensive disorder in pregnancy; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PP, pulse pressure; early pregnancy: 0–27 weeks of gestation; late pregnancy: >27 weeks of gestation to delivery
| Â | Early pregnancy N = 665 | Late pregnancy N = 653 | Pregnancy N = 666 |
|---|---|---|---|
Center of recruitment: | |||
 Nancy | 380 (57.1%) | 378 (57.9%) | 381 (57.2%) |
 Poitiers | 285 (42.9%) | 275 (42.1%) | 285 (42.8%) |
Maternal age ( years ) | 29.0 [25.0; 32.0] | 29.0 [25.0; 32.0] | 29.0 [25.0; 32.0] |
Maternal parity: | |||
 >0 | 365 (54.9%) | 360 (55.1%) | 366 (55.0%) |
 0 | 299 (45.0%) | 292 (44.7%) | 299 (44.9%) |
 Missing | 1 (0.15%) | 1 (0.15%) | 1 (0.15%) |
Child sex: | |||
 Female | 317 (47.7%) | 314 (48.1%) | 318 (47.7%) |
 Male | 348 (52.3%) | 339 (51.9%) | 348 (52.3%) |
maternal pre-gravid BMI (kg/m2): | |||
 normal | 454 (68.3%) | 445 (68.1%) | 455 (68.3%) |
 obesity | 40 (6.02%) | 39 (5.97%) | 40 (6.01%) |
 overweight | 112 (16.8%) | 110 (16.8%) | 112 (16.8%) |
 underweight | 59 (8.87%) | 59 (9.04%) | 59 (8.86%) |
Maternal education attainment (number of years after high school): | |||
 >2 years | 420 (63.2%) | 415 (63.6%) | 421 (63.2%) |
 0–2 years | 113 (17.0%) | 110 (16.8%) | 113 (17.0%) |
 0 years | 132 (19.8%) | 128 (19.6%) | 132 (19.8%) |
Maternal smoking status: | |||
 Continued smoker | 207 (31.1%) | 202 (30.9%) | 207 (31.1%) |
 Former smoker | 69 (10.4%) | 68 (10.4%) | 69 (10.4%) |
 Non-smoker | 380 (57.1%) | 374 (57.3%) | 381 (57.2%) |
 Missing | 9 (1.35%) | 9 (1.38%) | 9 (1.35%) |
Gestational duration (weeks) | 40.0 [38.9; 40.9] | 40.0 [39.0; 40.9] | 40.0 [38.9; 40.9] |
Preterm birth: | |||
 No | 633 (95.2%) | 625 (95.7%) | 634 (95.2%) |
 Yes | 32 (4.81%) | 28 (4.29%) | 32 (4.80%) |
Mode of delivery: | |||
 Vaginal | 575 (86.5%) | 566 (86.7%) | 575 (86.3%) |
 C-section | 89 (13.4%) | 86 (13.2%) | 90 (13.5%) |
 Missing | 1 (0.15%) | 1 (0.15%) | 1 (0.15%) |
GDM: | |||
 No | 623 (93.7%) | 611 (93.6%) | 624 (93.7%) |
 Yes | 42 (6.32%) | 42 (6.43%) | 42 (6.31%) |
HDP: | |||
 Gestational hypertension | 17 (2.56%) | 17 (2.60%) | 17 (2.55%) |
 Normotensive | 630 (94.7%) | 619 (94.8%) | 631 (94.7%) |
 Preeclampsia | 17 (2.56%) | 17 (2.60%) | 17 (2.55%) |
 Missing | 1 (0.15%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.15%) |
BP indicators (original values in mmHg): | |||
 SBP | 115 [109; 121] | 116 [110; 123] | 115 [110; 122] |
 DBP | 64.4 [60.7; 68.4] | 65.5 [60.3; 70.0] | 64.9 [61.4; 69.2] |
 MAP | 81.1 [77.6; 85.3] | 82.5 [77.8; 87.0] | 81.6 [78.0; 85.9] |
 PP | 50.0 [45.8; 54.4] | 50.0 [45.0; 56.7] | 50.2 [46.2; 54.5] |
 Number of measurements | 5.00 [4.00; 6.00] | 3.00 [3.00; 4.00] | 9.00 [7.25; 10.0] |