Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 173,427 participants by lowest (Q1) and highest (Q5) quintiles of 3 plant-based diet indices in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, 1993–1996
Total | Overall plant-based diet index | Healthful plant-based diet index | Unhealthful plant-based diet index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | ||
Men | |||||||
No. of participants | 79,952 | 13,902 | 15,965 | 16,047 | 13,573 | 15,118 | 15,775 |
Age at cohort entry, y, mean (SD) | 60.0 (8.8) | 58.2 (8.7) | 61.6 (8.6) | 57.3 (8.8) | 62.3 (8.4) | 61.3 (8.5) | 58.4 (8.9) |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||||||
African American | 10,381 (13.0) | 2345 (16.9) | 1679 (10.5) | 2425 (15.1) | 1433 (10.6) | 2256 (14.9) | 1668 (10.6) |
Japanese American | 24,138 (30.2) | 3631 (26.1) | 5172 (32.4) | 4735 (29.5) | 4685 (34.5) | 3976 (26.3) | 5650 (35.8) |
Native Hawaiian | 5572 (7.0) | 1621 (11.7) | 625 (3.9) | 1758 (11.0) | 647 (4.8) | 934 (6.2) | 1344 (8.5) |
Latino | 19,198 (24.0) | 2973 (21.4) | 3930 (24.6) | 3092 (19.3) | 3158 (23.3) | 3382 (22.4) | 3562 (22.6) |
White | 20,663 (25.8) | 3332 (24.0) | 4559 (28.6) | 4037 (25.2) | 3650 (26.9) | 4570 (30.2) | 3551 (22.5) |
Family history of colorectal cancer, n (%) | 5864 (7.3) | 977 (7.0) | 1238 (7.8) | 1152 (7.2) | 1035 (7.6) | 1164 (7.7) | 1091 (6.9) |
History of intestinal polyps, n (%) | 5602 (7.0) | 814 (5.9) | 1246 (7.8) | 926 (5.8) | 1118 (8.2) | 1150 (7.6) | 972 (6.2) |
Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 26.6 (4.1) | 27.2 (4.5) | 26.0 (3.6) | 27.2 (4.4) | 25.9 (3.7) | 26.7 (4.1) | 26.5 (4.1) |
Ever smokers, n (%) | 55,257 (69.1) | 10,390 (74.7) | 10,399 (65.1) | 11,104 (69.2) | 9263 (68.2) | 10,604 (70.1) | 10,799 (68.5) |
Pack-years among ever smokers, mean (SD), year | 14.3 (16.8) | 23.4 (17.5) | 18.4 (15.7) | 22.0 (16.9) | 19.5 (16.2) | 20.2 (16.5) | 21.5 (16.8) |
Multivitamin use, n (%) | 37,944 (47.5) | 5677 (40.8) | 8442 (52.9) | 6718 (41.9) | 7240 (53.3) | 7905 (52.3) | 6671 (42.3) |
NSAID use, n (%) | 40,464 (50.6) | 6867 (49.4) | 8250 (51.7) | 7909 (49.3) | 6803 (50.1) | 8039 (53.2) | 7381 (46.8) |
Physical activity, mean (SD), hours/day | 1.3 (1.5) | 1.27 (1.56) | 1.41 (1.50) | 1.32 (1.55) | 1.42 (1.51) | 1.38 (1.48) | 1.31 (1.53) |
Alcohol intake, mean (SD), g/day, | 14.8 (32.6) | 29.8 (55.2) | 7.1 (14.2) | 12.0 (23.7) | 15.0 (34.5) | 9.8 (17.2) | 23.2 (52.7) |
Energy intake, mean (SD), kcal/day, | 2426 (1116) | 2584 (1249) | 2286 (992) | 2599 (1196) | 2207 (964) | 2300 (1031) | 2489 (1143) |
Women | |||||||
No. of participants | 93,475 | 15,371 | 17,912 | 19,445 | 16,773 | 17,128 | 19,134 |
Age at cohort entry, y, mean (SD) | 59.3 (8.8) | 57.4 (8.7) | 61.0 (8.5) | 56.6 (8.7) | 61.6 (8.3) | 60.6 (8.5) | 57.9 (8.8) |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||||||
African American | 17,248 (18.5) | 4019 (26.1) | 2434 (13.6) | 4195 (21.6) | 2573 (15.3) | 3488 (20.4) | 3230 (16.9) |
Japanese American | 26,284 (28.1) | 2968 (19.3) | 6098 (34.0) | 4534 (23.3) | 5857 (34.9) | 4698 (27.4) | 5568 (29.1) |
Native Hawaiian | 6955 (7.4) | 1796 (11.7) | 768 (4.3) | 2213 (11.4) | 837 (5.0) | 1138 (6.6) | 1632 (8.5) |
Latino | 19,324 (20.7) | 2782 (18.1) | 4017 (22.4) | 3577 (18.4) | 3419 (20.4) | 2949 (17.2) | 4340 (22.7) |
White | 23,664 (25.3) | 3806 (24.8) | 4595 (25.7) | 4926 (25.3) | 4087 (24.4) | 4855 (28.3) | 4364 (22.8) |
Family history of colorectal cancer, n (%) | 8165 (8.7) | 1256 (8.2) | 1639 (9.2) | 1589 (8.2) | 1582 (9.4) | 1598 (9.3) | 1586 (8.3) |
History of intestinal polyps, n (%) | 4170 (4.5) | 602 (3.9) | 890 (5.0) | 732 (3.8) | 796 (4.7) | 852 (5.0) | 746 (3.9) |
Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 26.4 (5.5) | 27.7 (6.1) | 25.2 (4.8) | 27.4 (5.9) | 25.1 (4.9) | 26.3 (5.4) | 26.6 (5.7) |
Ever smokers, n (%) | 40,629 (43.5) | 7851 (51.1) | 6678 (37.3) | 8961 (46.1) | 6775 (40.4) | 7790 (45.5) | 8101 (42.3) |
Pack-years among ever smokers, mean (SD), year | 6.8 (12.3) | 17.5 (15.2) | 13.6 (13.6) | 16.8 (15.0) | 14.2 (13.8) | 15.1 (14.2) | 16.6 (15.1) |
Multivitamin use, n (%) | 50,336 (53.9) | 7516 (48.9) | 10,431 (58.2) | 9404 (48.4) | 9920 (59.1) | 10,016 (58.5) | 9293 (48.6) |
NSAID use, n (%) | 49,543 (53.0) | 8784 (57.1) | 8927 (49.8) | 10,903 (56.1) | 8066 (48.1) | 9138 (53.4) | 9921 (51.9) |
MHT ever use, n (%) | 44,051 (47.1) | 6471 (42.1) | 9098 (50.8) | 8073 (41.5) | 8745 (52.1) | 8668 (50.6) | 8276 (43.3) |
Physical activity, mean (SD), hours/day | 1.1 (1.3) | 0.99 (1.21) | 1.21 (1.29) | 1.02 (1.21) | 1.23 (1.30) | 1.21 (1.28) | 1.02 (1.22) |
Alcohol intake, mean (SD), g/day | 4.4 (14.9) | 8.3 (25.1) | 2.4 (7.3) | 4.3 (13.4) | 3.8 (13.7) | 3.6 (8.8) | 5.9 (23.6) |
Energy intake, mean (SD), kcal/day, | 1973 (945) | 2032 (1049) | 1906 (839) | 2124 (1050) | 1825 (809) | 1876 (849) | 2024 (1004) |