Table 4 Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for colorectal cancer risk with plant-based diet indices by anatomic subsite in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, 1993–2017

Men

 Overall plant-based diet index

  Q1

185

1.00 (ref)

149

1.00 (ref)

140

1.00 (ref)

  Q2

244

0.96 (0.79–1.16)

164

0.84 (0.67–1.06)

159

0.87 (0.69–1.09)

  Q3

235

0.97 (0.79–1.18)

178

0.99 (0.79–1.24)

146

0.86 (0.68–1.09)

  Q4

198

0.92 (0.75–1.13)

132

0.85 (0.67–1.08)

137

0.94 (0.73–1.20)

  Q5

221

0.90 (0.73–1.10)

107

0.62 (0.48–0.81)

112

0.69 (0.53–0.89)

  P for trend

0.27

0.002

0.02

 0.005

 Healthful plant-based diet index

  Q1

210

1.00 (ref)

152

1.00 (ref)

143

1.00 (ref)

  Q2

253

0.93 (0.77–1.12)

177

0.94 (0.75–1.17)

164

0.94 (0.75–1.18)

  Q3

211

0.90 (0.74–1.09)

163

1.02 (0.81–1.27)

149

1.01 (0.80–1.28)

  Q4

226

0.90 (0.74–1.09)

122

0.72 (0.56–0.91)

137

0.88 (0.70–1.12)

  Q5

183

0.81 (0.66–0.99)

116

0.77 (0.60–0.99)

101

0.74 (0.57–0.96)

  P for trend

0.04

0.007

0.02

 0.16

 Unhealthful plant-based diet index

  Q1

221

1.00 (ref)

147

1.00 (ref)

112

1.00 (ref)

  Q2

267

0.96 (0.80–1.15)

152

0.80 (0.64–1.00)

159

1.07 (0.84–1.37)

  Q3

213

0.94 (0.78–1.14)

151

0.95 (0.76–1.20)

134

1.08 (0.84–1.39)

  Q4

170

0.91 (0.74–1.11)

112

0.83 (0.65–1.07)

131

1.23 (0.95–1.58)

  Q5

212

1.02 (0.84–1.24)

168

1.04 (0.83–1.31)

158

1.24 (0.97–1.59)

  P for trend

0.98

0.60

0.05

 0.048

Women

 Overall plant-based diet index

  Q1

197

1.00 (ref)

99

1.00 (ref)

72

1.00 (ref)

  Q2

294

1.00 (0.84–1.20)

142

0.98 (0.76–1.27)

100

0.96 (0.71–1.31)

  Q3

272

0.96 (0.80–1.16)

126

0.92 (0.71–1.21)

116

1.18 (0.88–1.60)

  Q4

242

0.96 (0.79–1.17)

113

0.94 (0.72–1.24)

59

0.69 (0.48–0.98)

  Q5

265

1.01 (0.83–1.22)

125

1.01 (0.77–1.33)

89

1.00 (0.72–1.38)

  P for trend

0.96

0.97

0.52

 0.38

 Healthful plant-based diet index

  Q1

227

1.00 (ref)

129

1.00 (ref)

82

1.00 (ref)

  Q2

290

1.04 (0.87–1.24)

124

0.82 (0.64–1.05)

101

1.03 (0.77–1.38)

  Q3

251

1.06 (0.89–1.27)

117

0.93 (0.72–1.20)

103

1.28 (0.95–1.72)

  Q4

255

0.96 (0.80–1.16)

124

0.89 (0.69–1.15)

74

0.83 (0.60–1.14)

  Q5

247

0.97 (0.81–1.17)

111

0.84 (0.65–1.10)

76

0.91 (0.66–1.25)

  P for trend

0.59

0.36

0.30

 0.27

 Unhealthful plant-based diet index

  Q1

251

1.00 (ref)

122

1.00 (ref)

80

1.00 (ref)

  Q2

306

0.99 (0.83–1.16)

141

0.91 (0.71–1.16)

96

0.95 (0.70–1.28)

  Q3

264

1.02 (0.86–1.21)

115

0.87 (0.67–1.12)

83

0.96 (0.71–1.31)

  Q4

210

0.99 (0.83–1.19)

96

0.87 (0.66–1.14)

76

1.06 (0.78–1.46)

  Q5

239

0.99 (0.83–1.19)

131

1.00 (0.78–1.28)

101

1.19 (0.89–1.61)

  P for trend

0.98

0.88

0.17

 0.22