Characteristics | Total (n=3441) | Glucose metabolism status | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NGM (n=1960) | Prediabetes (n=514) | Type 2 diabetes (n=967) | P†| ||
Women (%) | 1689 (49.08) | 1135 (57.91) | 242 (47.08) | 312 (32.26) | <0.001 |
Ageb, years (mean ± SD) | 60.14 ± 8.21 | 58.32 ± 8.14 | 61.96 ± 7.66 | 62.86 ± 7.68 | <0.001 |
Education (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Low | 1144 (33.25) | 525 (26.79) | 181 (35.21) | 438 (45.29) |  |
 Middle | 929 (27.00) | 525 (26.79) | 145 (28.21) | 259 (26.78) | |
 High | 1301 (37.81) | 882 (45.00) | 174 (33.85) | 245 (25.34) | |
 Unknown | 67 (1.95) | 28 (1.43) | 14 (2.72) | 25 (2.59) |  |
Smoking status (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Never | 1190 (34.58) | 771 (39.34) | 151 (29.38) | 268 (27.71) |  |
 Former | 1774 (51.55) | 947 (48.32) | 297 (57.78) | 530 (54.81) | |
 Current | 433 (12.58) | 228 (11.63) | 60 (11.67) | 145 (14.99) | |
 Unknown | 44 (1.28) | 14 (0.72) | 6 (1.17) | 24 (2.48) |  |
Household Income (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Low | 1012 (29.41) | 537 (27.40) | 154 (29.96) | 321 (33.20) |  |
 Middle | 1384 (40.22) | 784 (40.00) | 217 (42.22) | 383 (39.61) |  |
 High | 769 (22.35) | 533 (27.19) | 533 (28.75) | 134 (13.86) |  |
 Unknown | 276 (8.02) | 106 (5.41) | 41 (7.98) | 129 (13.34) |  |
History of CVD (%) | 595 (17.29) | 249 (12.70) | 78 (15.18) | 268 (27.71) | Â |
Physical activity (h/week) | 12.75 (8.25, 18.25) | 13.75 (9.00, 19.25) | 13.13 (8.00, 18.25) | 11.00 (6.75, 16.75) | <0.001 |
eGFR, ml min−1 1.73 m−2 (mean ± SD) | 79.97 ± 15.65 | 79.65 ± 14.14 | 78.88 ± 14.42 | 81.19 ± 18.82 | <0.001 |
HbA1c (% mmol/mol) | 5.6 (5.4, 6.2) | 5.4 (5.2, 5.6) | 5.7 (5.4, 6.0) | 6.6 (6.3, 7.2) | <0.001 |
Total glucose intake, mmol/L (mean ± SD) | 15.21 (10.84, 20.24) | 15.79 (11.40, 21.04) | 14.88 (10.64, 19.82) | 13.89 (9.88, 18.70) | <0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 27.06 ± 4.53 | 25.52 ± 3.57 | 27.71 ± 4.28 | 29.90 ± 4.97 | <0.001 |
Lipid-modifying medication (yes) | 1,222 (36.00) | 337 (17.34) | 183 (36.02) | 702 (74.52) | <0.001 |
Daily energy intake, kcal/day (mean ± SD) | 2,172.22 ± 603.17 | 2,176.84 ± 599.66 | 2195.33 ± 592.22 | 2146.60 ± 615.93 | 0.030 |
Fasting glucose, mmol/L (mean ± SD) | 6.04 ± 1.62 | 5.18 ± 0.42 | 5.90 ± 0.59 | 7.89 ± 2.00 | <0.001 |
MED score (range 0–9) | 4.52 ± 1.64 | 4.67 ± 1.67 | 4.55 ± 1.63 | 4.22 ± 1.54 | <0.001 |
DASH score (range 8–40) | 23.97 ± 4.57 | 24.30 ± 4.63 | 23.83 ± 4.57 | 23.36 ± 4.36 | <0.001 |
DHD score (range 0–140) | 83.36 ± 14.73 | 85.12 ± 14.54 | 82.50 ± 15.11 | 79.99 ± 14.42 | <0.001 |