Table 2 Data collection and summary of data sources
| Â | Methods | Data overview |
|---|---|---|
Qualitative data collection | A. Interviews with young people with diabetes (n = 19) - 9 female/10 male - 18–25 years old - Varied ethnic backgrounds - 17 living with type 1 diabetes, 2 with type 2 - 4 had attended 7-–10 clinics, 9 had attended 3–6 clinics, and 6 had attended 0–2 clinics (one of whom withdrew from the research study after one group clinic, and another consented but never attended) B. Interviews with staff participants (n = 11) - 3 diabetes consultants - 3 diabetes specialist nurses - 1 youth worker - 1 research officer - 1 dietician - 1 psychologist - 1 sexual health advisor | a. Interview transcripts b. Field notes |
Ethnographic observation | A. Observation in clinical encounters (~70Â h) - 29 audio-recorded group clinics in 2 hospital sites, including feedback discussions with participants to support co-production - 15 individual diabetes consultant and nurse appointments B. Observation in non-clinical encounters in the context of the implementation study (~50Â h) - Co-design sessions, implementation and advisory group meetings, facilitation training, preparation for group clinics, other informal observations (observations involved clinicians implementing group consultations, other members of the implementation team and diabetes service in the 2 hospitals, advisory board members and service and patient participants in co-design) | a. Group clinic transcripts and field notes b. Feedback discussion transcripts and field notes c. Field notes from individual appointments d. Materials used in group clinics (e.g. flip charts, icebreakers, handouts, etc.) e. Field notes and documents used in meetings/other encounters |
Quantitative data collection | A. Structured data collection proformas from clinical records B. Patient-reported instruments - Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) - Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAiD) - Patient questionnaires C. Bespoke costing templates completed by care teams | a. Clinical data (diabetes type and relevant biomarkers, age at diagnosis, technology use, previous diabetes education attendance) b. Service use data within the last year (diabetes appointments, emergency attendances (diabetes-related), inpatient admissions (diabetes-related), primary care consultations) c. Patient enablement, psychological outcomes and diabetes distress d. Sociodemographic data (age, sex, multiple deprivation index, ethnicity, English as first language, education, employment status) e. Economic data on estimate use of resources and cost of group clinics |