Table 1 Baseline characteristics across lowest and highest quartiles total carbohydrate, free sugar, and fibre intakes in 110,497 UK Biobank participants
Characteristics | Total carbohydrate intake | Free sugar intake | Fibre intake | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | |
N | 27,625 | 27,624 | 27,625 | 27,624 | 27,625 | 27,624 |
Intake of carbohydrate of interesta | 39.9 (4.6) | 58.3 (3.5) | 5.9 (1.7) | 17.9 (3.6) | 11.3 (2.1) | 25.3 (4.1) |
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
 Age at recruitment | 55.7 (7.7) | 55.6 (8.0) | 55.9 (7.6) | 55.2 (8.1) | 54.6 (7.8) | 56.5 (7.8) |
 Female sex, n (%) | 15,111 (54.7%) | 16,700 (60.5%) | 18,388 (66.6%) | 13,511 (48.9%) | 16,552 (59.9%) | 14,537 (52.6%) |
 White ethnicity, n (%) | 26,929 (97.8%) | 26,313 (95.5%) | 26,732 (97.1%) | 26,448 (96.1%) | 26,423 (96.0%) | 26,806 (97.4%) |
 Most affluent, n (%)b | 5841 (21.1%) | 5903 (21.4%) | 5895 (21.3%) | 5988 (21.7%) | 5804 (21.0%) | 6055 (21.9%) |
 College or university degree, n (%) | 20,760 (79.2%) | 20,006 (78.3%) | 20,550 (79.1%) | 19,740 (76.8%) | 18,971 (74.1%) | 21,455 (82.3%) |
Lifestyle | ||||||
 Alcohol (g/d)c | 24.43 (20.73) | 9.55 (11.84) | 15.67 (15.88) | 16.55 (18.90) | 18.84 (19.58) | 14.24 (15.20) |
 Current smoker, n (%) | 2755 (10.0%) | 1344 (4.9%) | 1801 (6.5%) | 2480 (9.0%) | 2941 (10.7%) | 1292 (4.7%) |
 Physical activity (excess MET h/wk) | 37.0 (38.2) | 40.7 (41.7) | 38.0 (38.5) | 39.3 (42.1) | 34.5 (38.4) | 44.8 (43.1) |
 Energy intake (kJ/d) | 8782 (2033) | 8187 (1851) | 8088 (1850) | 8895 (2,005) | 7387 (1,612) | 9831 (1,905) |
 SFA intake (% energy intake) | 12.8 (3.1) | 10.0 (2.4) | 11.4 (3.1) | 11.6 (2.9) | 12.2 (3.1) | 10.9 (2.7) |
 Fruit and vegetable intake (g/d) | 327.6 (197.6) | 453.8 (256.0) | 450.5 (253.7) | 318.8 (196.7) | 221.3 (126.8) | 579.0 (256.8) |
Medical history | ||||||
 Statin use, n (%) | 2573 (9.3%) | 2314 (8.4%) | 2264 (8.2%) | 2476 (9.0%) | 2432 (8.8%) | 2296 (8.3%) |
 Post-menopausal, n (%)d | 10,234 (71.8%) | 11,316 (72.0%) | 12,859 (73.6%) | 8698 (69.1%) | 10,503 (68.0%) | 10,508 (75.7%) |
Biological measurements | ||||||
 BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 (4.4) | 26.2 (4.4) | 26.6 (4.6) | 26.5 (4.3) | 26.9 (4.5) | 25.9 (4.3) |
 Waist circumference (cm) | 89.1 (13.0) | 86.3 (12.6) | 86.8 (13.0) | 88.8 (12.6) | 88.4 (13.0) | 87.0 (12.6) |
 SBP (mmHg) | 137.2 (18.3) | 135.9 (18.5) | 135.9 (18.4) | 136.7 (18.3) | 136.1 (18.3) | 136.6 (18.3) |
 LDL-C (mmol/L)e | 3.66 (0.83) | 3.59 (0.82) | 3.62 (0.82) | 3.63 (0.82) | 3.67 (0.83) | 3.57 (0.80) |
 HDL-C (mmol/L)e | 1.58 (0.41) | 1.45 (0.36) | 1.56 (0.39) | 1.44 (0.37) | 1.52 (0.40) | 1.49 (0.37) |
 Triglycerides (mmol/L)e | 1.62 (0.96) | 1.67 (0.96) | 1.55 (0.90) | 1.76 (1.02) | 1.66 (0.98) | 1.63 (0.94) |
 ApoB (mmol/L)e | 1.05 (0.23) | 1.03 (0.23) | 1.04 (0.23) | 1.05 (0.23) | 1.06 (0.23) | 1.03 (0.22) |
 HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 34.7 (4.5) | 34.7 (4.2) | 34.8 (4.7) | 34.7 (4.1) | 34.6 (4.1) | 34.8 (4.2) |