Table 1 Criteria for the outcome groups for multinomial logistic regression

1

1) Checking in DM diagnosis of the questionnaire

2) 2 h loading of blood glucose levels ≥ 200 mg/dL

3) HbA1c ≥ 6.5%

4) Overnight fasting blood glucose levels ≥ 126 mg/dL

✓

✓

2

1) Creatinine 1.3 mg/dL (men), 1.0 mg/dL (women)

2) eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²

3) Albuminuria

✓

✓

DKD (1)

Only DM (2)

Only CKD (3)

Control (4)