Fig. 3
The years of life lost free of cardiovascular disease among participants with questionnaire-based unhealthy sleep or diagnosed sleep disorders. The results were adjusted forage, socioeconomic status, mental health issues, perceived health, body mass index (BMI), economic activity and shift work, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, diet quality, discretionary screen time, and physical activity. An asterisk denotes a statistical significance. See Table 2 for exact effect size and confidence intervals; full estimations of each life expectancy are provided in the Additional file 1: Table S10-11