Longitudinal association of remnant cholesterol with joint arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis progression beyond LDL cholesterol

Table 1 Characteristics in multi-trajectory groups of joint baPWV and ABI

	Group 1^d (n = 1802)	Group 2 (n = 1160)	Group 3 (n = 224)
Age, years	64.00 [56.00, 73.00]	66.00 [58.00, 76.00]	66.00 [56.00, 77.00]
Female sex, n (%)	473 (26.2)	238 (20.5)	30 (13.4)
BMI, kg/m²	25.16 [23.29, 27.26]	25.48 [23.82, 27.25]	25.55 [23.87, 27.48]
BMI group, n (%)
24.0 kg/m²	576 (33.4)	300 (27.1)	58 (27.4)
24.0–27.9 kg/m²	837 (48.5)	617 (55.7)	111 (52.4)
≥ 28.0 kg/m²	314 (18.2)	191 (17.2)	43 (20.3)
Current smoker, n (%)	432 (24.0)	280 (24.1)	45 (20.1)
SBP, mmHg	122.81 (15.91)	132.80 (16.47)	139.47 (17.04)
SBP change, mmHg	4.61 (23.55)	5.31 (22.97)	9.81 (25.62)
Hypertension, n (%) ^b	413 (22.9)	345 (29.7)	71 (31.7)
Diabetes, n (%) ^c	153 (8.5)	138 (11.9)	46 (20.5)
Antihypertensive medication, n (%)	386 (21.4)	328 (28.3)	64 (28.6)
Lipid-lowering medication use, n (%)	352 (19.5)	241 (20.8)	41 (18.3)
Triglycerides, mg/dL	113.09 [85.28, 152.94]	121.83 [91.90, 168.42]	134.56 [99.51, 179.19]
RC, mg/dL	22.60 [17.06, 30.51]	24.37 [18.38, 33.59]	26.91 [19.91, 35.19]
LDL-C, mg/dL	115.06 [97.42, 133.23]	114.26 [97.29, 135.44]	113.52 [94.60, 131.08]
HDL-C, mg/dL	49.64 [42.61, 58.69]	47.55 [40.98, 55.29]	44.58 [39.80, 51.24]
Non-HDL-C, mg/dL	127.64 [109.15, 146.36]	128.51 [108.82, 151.06]	131.11 [108.74, 149.44]
hsCRP, mg/L ^d	0.76 [0.46, 1.42]	0.90 [0.52, 1.72]	1.01 [0.58, 1.92]

Continuous variables are reported as median (25th–75th percentile). Medians and proportions were compared using Kruskal–Wallis or chi-squared test
SI conversion factor: To convert RC, LDL-C, HDL-C, non-HDL-C to mmol/L, multiply by 0.02586; TG, multiply by 0.01129
Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, RC Remnant cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hsCRP High-sensitivity C-reactive protein
^aHypertension defined as SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg, self-reported diagnosis history of hypertension or use of antihypertensive medication
^bDiabetes defined as fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or using any glucose-lowering medication or self-reported diagnosis history of diabetes
^chsCRP data only available in a part of overall population (2358 of 3186 subjects)
^dGroup 1 represents the stable baPWV/stable ABI, group 2 represents increasing baPWV/stable ABI, and group 3 represents increasing baPWV/decreasing ABI

ISSN: 1741-7015