Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants, by cohort
EPIC nested case-control study (n = 654 cases and 654 controls) | UK Biobank Prospective cohort (n = 111,323 of which 1221 incident colorectal cancers) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Controls | Cases | Non-cases | Cases | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 288 (44.0) | 288 (44.0) | 59,295 (53.9) | 513 (42.0) |
Female | 366 (56.0) | 366 (56.0) | 50,807 (46.1) | 708 (58.0) |
Country | ||||
France | 29 (4.4) | 29 (4.4) | - | |
Italy | 336 (41.4) | 336 (41.4) | - | |
Spain | 235 (36.0) | 235 (36.0) | - | |
UK | 23 (3.5) | 23 (3.5) | 110,102 | 1221 |
Netherlands | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | - | |
Germany | 27 (4.1) | 27 (4.1) | - | |
Denmark | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | - | |
Age at blood collection (years) | ||||
Mean | 54.7 ± 7.3 | 54.8 ± 7.3 | 56.3 ± 8.1 | 61.0 ± 6.6 |
Follow-up time to diagnosis (years) | ||||
Mean | - | 8.9 ± 4.5 | - | 9.7 ± 2.0 |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
Mean (SD) | 26.7 ± 3.8 | 27.5 ± 4.4 | 27.4 ± 4.8 | 28.0 ± 4.8 |
Waist circumference (cm) | ||||
Mean (SD) | 88.6 ± 12.0 | 90.7 ± 13.6 | 90.3 ± 13.4 | 94.0 ± 14.1 |
Height (cm) | ||||
Mean (SD) | 163.1 ± 9.0 | 163.7 ± 9.0 | 168.5 ± 9.3 | 169. 9 ± 9.1 |
Smoking status | ||||
Non or former smoker | 334 (51.1) | 308 (47.1) | 60,105 (54.6) | 549 (45.0) |
Never smoker | 176 (26.9) | 171 (26.1) | 37,735 (34.3) | 547 (44.8) |
Smoker | 141 (21.6) | 170 (26.0) | 11,694 (10.6) | 123 (10.1) |
Unknown | 3 (0.5) | 5 (0.8) | 568 (0.5) | 2 (0.2) |
Alcohol intake status | ||||
Never drinker | 62 (9.5) | 69 (10.6) | 4837 (4.3) | 4837 (4.3) |
Former drinker | 54 (8.3) | 47 (7.2) | 3965 (3.6) | 3965 (3.6) |
Drinker at recruitment (current) | 509 (77.8) | 504 (77.1) | 102,251 (91.8) | 102,251 (91.8) |
Unknown | 29 (4.4) | 34 (5.2) | 274 (0.2) | 274 (0.2) |
Physical activity status | ||||
Inactive | 214 (32.7) | 234 (35.8) | 31,763 (28.8%) | 350 (28.7) |
Moderately inactive | 255 (39.0) | 252 (38.5) | 21,532 (19.6%) | 246 (20.1) |
Moderately active | 105 (16.1) | 105 (16.1) | 35,798 (32.5%) | 375 (30.7) |
Active | 79 (12.1) | 62 (9.5) | 17,086 (15.5%) | 214 (17.5) |
Missing | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 3923 (3.6%) | 36 (2.9) |
Highest educational level | ||||
None | 95 (14.5) | 98 (15.2) | 0 | 0 |
Primary school completed | 274 (42.0) | 261 (40.6) | 0 | 0 |
Technical/professional school | 84 (12.9) | 73 (11.4) | 31,067 (28.2) | 332 (27.2) |
Secondary school | 104 (15.9) | 125 (19.4) | 46,786 (42.0) | 468 (38.3) |
Higher education/university | 90 (13.8) | 79 (12.3) | 12,509 (11.4) | 141 (11.5) |
Not specified | 6 (0.9) | 7 (1.1) | 19,740 (17.7) | 280 (22.9) |
Oral contraceptive use in women | ||||
Ever | 5 (1.4) | 5 (1.4) | 11,033 (10.0) | 119 (9.7) |
Never | 360 (98.4) | 361 (98.6) | 47,994 (43.6) | 391 (32.0) |
Unknown | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 51,075 (46.4) | 711 (58.2) |
Oral hormone therapy use in women | ||||
Ever | 31 (8.5) | 37 (10.1) | 36,987 (61.8) | 36,716 (33.3) |
Never | 334 (91.3) | 326 (89.1) | 22,515 (37.6) | 22,276 (20.2) |
Unknown | 1 (0.0) | 3 (0.01) | 307 (0.0) | 303 (0.3) |