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Table 3 Associations between concentrations of serum and plasma amino acids and colorectal cancer risk in the EPIC nested case-control discovery and UK Biobank replication cohorts by follow-up time to diagnosis, where available

From: Circulating amino acid levels and colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition and UK Biobank cohorts

Amino acid a

 

OR/HR (95% CI) per SD concentration by follow-up time b

 

Full follow-up

>2 years

>5 years

>10 years

EPIC nested case-control study

n = 654 cases, 654 controls

n = 601 cases, 601 controls

n = 505 cases, 505 controls

n = 289 cases, 289 controls

 Glutamine

0.85 (0.75–0.97)

0.85 (0.75–0.97)

0.83 (0.72–0.96)

0.82 (0.68–0.99)

 Glycine

0.89 (0.75–1.05)

0.92 (0.77–1.11)

0.90 (0.73–1.10)

0.92 (0.70–1.21)

 Valine

0.92 (0.78–1.08)

0.91 (0.77–1.08)

0.93 (0.77–1.12)

1.04 (0.82–1.33)

 Proline

1.06 (0.93–1.20)

1.09 (0.95–1.24)

1.08 (0.94–1.25)

0.96 (0.80–1.15)

 Serine

0.89 (0.73–1.08)

0.91 (0.74–1.11)

0.85 (0.68–1.05)

0.81 (0.61–1.06)

 Threonine

0.96 (0.85–1.09)

0.97 (0.85–1.10)

0.93 (0.81–1.07)

0.87 (0.72–1.04)

 Ornithine

0.88 (0.69–1.13)

0.98 (0.82–1.17)

0.98 (0.80–1.20)

1.03 (0.78–1.36)

 Arginine

1.02 (0.83–1.24)

1.04 (0.84–1.28)

1.07 (0.85–1.35)

1.02 (0.77–1.36)

 Tyrosine

0.90 (0.76–1.06)

0.89 (0.75–1.06)

0.87 (0.72–1.05)

0.90 (0.71–1.12)

 Histidine

0.80 (0.69–0.92)

0.81 (0.69–0.94)

0.81 (0.69–0.96)

0.82 (0.67–1.01)

 Tryptophan

0.85 (0.64–1.12)

0.80 (0.59–1.08)

0.77 (0.55–1.06)

0.77 (0.52–1.12)

 Phenylalanine

0.89 (0.77–1.03)

0.87 (0.75–1.02)

0.84 (0.71–1.00)

0.83 (0.67–1.03)

 Methionine

0.88 (0.69–1.13)

0.86 (0.67–1.12)

0.84 (0.64–1.11)

0.89 (0.65–1.22)

UK Biobank cohort (N = 111,323)

n = 1221 cases

n = 1042 cases

n = 696 cases

 

 Glutamine

0.95 (0.89–1.01)

0.94 (0.88–1.01)

0.98 (0.90–1.06)

 

 Histidine

0.93 (0.87–0.99)

0.95 (0.88–1.01)

0.94 (0.87–1.03)

 
  1. OR, odds ratio; Q, quartile. Estimates for which 95% CI do not include 1 are given in bold text
  2. a In decreasing order of measured blood concentration. Only amino acids measured in all participants in EPIC were included
  3. b Multivariable models were adjusted for smoking status (never, former, and current smoker), alcohol use (never, former, only at recruitment, and lifetime drinker), physical activity at recruitment (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, active) and body mass index (<25, 25–30, and >30 kg/m2). ). In UK Biobank, categories differed slightly for total physical activity (<10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, >60 metabolic equivalent of task [MET] h/week), alcohol consumption frequency (never, special occasions only, 1–3 times/month, 1–2 times per week, 3–4 times/week, daily or almost daily, unknown/prefer not to answer), and were also adjusted for family history of colorectal cancer (yes/no) and time since last meal (hours)
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BMC Medicine

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