Table 1 Demographic, obstetrical and neonatal characteristics of the deceased vs. survivors

Demographics and clinical history

Maternal age (Y)

28.8 ± 6.3

28.9 ± 5.7

0.58

Maternal age > 35 (%)

54 (17.4)

29,073 (15.1)

0.27

Jewish population group (%)

238 (76.5)

177,185 (92.2)

 < 0.0001

Arab population group (%)

73 (23.5)

15,031 (7.8)

Ethiopian ethnicity (%)

5 (1.6)

2141 (1.1)

0.41

Education > 12 years (%)

282 (92.5)

179,931 (97.8)

 < 0.0001

GDM / DM (%)

6 (1.9)

6665 (3.5)

0.13

Hypertensive disorder (%)

6 (1.9)

3740 (1.9)

0.98

Maternal background disease (%)

61 (19.6)

29,633 (15.4)

0.041

Obstetrical history

Gestational age at birth (W)

39.3 ± 1.5

39.5 ± 1.2

0.0028

Parity

3.7 ± 2.5

3.5 ± 2.4

0.019

ART (%)

5 (1.6)

5634 (2.9)

0.17

Prior CS (%)

48 (15.4)

22,438 (11.7)

0.039

Prior miscarriage (%)

84 (27)

56,059 (29.2)

0.40

High-risk hospitalization during pregnancy (%)

331 (8.2)

7207 (4.8)

 < 0.001

Inter-pregnancy interval (W)

74.5 ± 50.64

85.3 ± 61.6

0.037

Past neonatal death (%)

5 (1.6)

918 (0.5)

0.0040

Antenatal care (%)

244 (78.5)

158,711 (82.6)

0.056

Vital signs at admission

Fever (^oC)

36.6 ± 0.4

36.5 ± 0.4

0.18

Heart rate (BPM)

88.6 ± 13.3

89.2 ± 13.8

0.61

Systolic > 160 (%)

2 (0.8)

733 (0.5)

0.51

Diastolic > 105 (%)

0 (0.0)

190 (0.1)

0.57

Obstetrical data

Mode of delivery (%)

 < 0.0001

 Spontaneous

231 (74.3)

162,458 (84.5)

 Instrumental

16 (5.1)

11,393 (5.9)

 CS

64 (20.6)

18,365 (9.6)

TOLAC (%)

29 (9.3)

15,111 (7.9)

0.34

Epidural (%)

147 (47.3)

100,668 (52.4)

0.072

Oxytocin during labor (%)

96 (30.9)

45,799 (23.8)

0.0037

Thick meconium (%)

20 (6.4)

9588 (5.0)

0.24

Head presentation (%)

285 (92.2)

187,861 (97.9)

 < 0.0001

Normal fetal monitor (%)

179 (76.2)

143,039 (89.3)

 < 0.0001

Modified Bishop > 6 (%)

56 (40.6)

46,655 (48.5)

0.064

Labor duration (Min)

301.6 ± 1376.5

275.9 ± 352.9

0.72

Stage II duration (Min)

27.4 ± 41.1

33.4 ± 49.6

0.07

Stage III duration (Min)

11.3 ± 10.2

10.7 ± 26.1

0.742

On-call hours at births (%)

226 (72.7)

137,927 (71.8)

0.721

Neonatal data

NICU admission (%)

149 (47.9)

5143 (2.7)

 < 0.001

Female sex (%)

136 (43.7)

93,732 (48.8)

0.076

Birth weight (gr)

3067.8 ± 614.1

3333.9 ± 429.2

 < 0.001

5' APGAR ≤ 7 (%)

75 (24.1)

2734 (1.4)

 < 0.001

Macrosomia (%)

19 (6.3)

12,154 (6.3)

0.98

SGA (%)

85 (27.3)

11,983 (6.2)

 < 0.001

Pediatrician during labor (%)

76 (24.4)

15,570 (8.1)

 < 0.001

Neonatal adverse outcomes

Jaundice (%)

16 (6.7)

8279 (4.9)

0.195

Infection (%)

26 (10.9)

510 (0.3)

 < 0.001

Hypoglycemia diabetes (%)

15 (6.3)

8382 (5.0)

0.343

Respiratory (%)

72 (30.3)

2467 (1.5)

 < 0.001

Cardiovascular (%)

71 (29.8)

2618 (1.6)

 < 0.001

Skeleton skin (%)

42 (17.6)

8682 (1.5)

 < 0.001

Digestive (%)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

0.970

Other anomalies (%)

61 (25.6)

4298 (2.5)

 < 0.001

Chromosomal anomaly (%)

21 (8.8)

257 (0.2)

 < 0.001

Meconium aspiration (%)

5 (2.1)

319 (0.2)

 < 0.001

Brain (%)

34 (14.3)

434 (0.3)

 < 0.001

Electrolytes disorders (%)

15 (6.3)

140 (0.1)

 < 0.001

PH any (%)

135 (43.4)

18,587 (9.7)

 < 0.001