Table 1 Cost and health utility parameters that are used in the analysis

Cost items

Distribution (US $)

References

Cytology test

T(37.2, 111.5, 74.4)

[62]

HPV test

T(65.4, 130.8, 87.2)

[62]

Colposcopy + biopsy

T(552.6, 1157.7, 855.1)

[62]

Treatment for CIN2 or CIN3: loop electro-surgical excision procedure (LEEP)

N(2164.1, 541.0)

[62]

Treatment for stage I cervical cancer: Wertheim’s hysterectomy

N(15,510.3, 3877.6)

[62]

Treatment for stage II-III cervical cancer: radiotherapy + chemotherapy + brachytherapy

N(48,212.2, 12,053.1)

[62]

Treatment for stage IV cervical cancer: radiotherapy + chemotherapy

N(24,902.3, 6225.6)

[62]

Palliative care hospitalization (per day)

T(567.9, 852.6, 710.3)

[62]

Staff cost for screening

N(25.6, 6.4)

[62]

Staff cost for treatment of precancerous lesions

N(109.0, 27.3)

[62]

Time cost (half day)

N(31.3, 7.8)

[65]

Transportation

N(6.4, 1.6)

[66, 67]

Health outcomes

Distribution

References

Utility loss per episode of screen results

 Negative cytology/negative HPV test

T(0.00002, 0.00023, 0.0001)

[6]

 ASCUS

T(0.00023, 0.002, 0.0011)

[6]

 Positive HPV test

T(0.00023, 0.0089, 0.004)

[6]

 Normal colposcopy

T(0.0015, 0.04, 0.0147)

[6]

 LSIL/CIN1

T(0.005, 0.11, 0.0618)

[6]

 CIN23

T(0.003, 0.13, 0.0783)

[6]

Quality of life weight during and post-treatment of cervical cancer, during treatment (6 months or until death)

 Stage I

T(0.49, 0.81, 0.705)

[6, 68]

 Stage II

T(0.42, 0.67, 0.615)

[6, 68]

 Stage III

T(0.42, 0.70, 0.56)

[68]

 Stage IV

T(0.36, 0.60, 0.48)

[68]

Post-treatment (4.5 years or until death)

 Stage I

T(0.73, 0.99, 0.97)

[6, 68]

 Stage II

T(0.68, 0.98, 0.935)

[6, 68]

 Stage III

T(0.68, 0.98, 0.935)

[6, 68]

 Stage IV

T(0.47, 0.969, 0.795)

[6, 68]