Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and diabetic retinopathy: nationwide cohort and Mendelian randomization studies

Table 2 The association of a 1-SD increase of GLP1R expression in pancreas tissue with the risk of DR

Gene	SNP	A1/A2	eQTL association				GWAS association				SMR association
Gene	SNP	A1/A2	Beta	Se	P value	F	Outcome	Beta	Se	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
GLP1R	rs2268650	A/G	−0.42	0.06	2.26×10⁻¹²	49.25	DR	0.01	0.01	0.34	0.97 (0.92–1.03)	0.3471
GLP1R	rs2268650	A/G	−0.42	0.06	2.26×10⁻¹²	49.25	Background DR	0.08	0.03	0.01	0.83 (0.71–0.97)	0.0162
GLP1R	rs2268650	A/G	−0.42	0.06	2.26×10⁻¹²	49.25	Severe nonproliferative DR	0.14	0.06	0.03	0.72 (0.53–0.98)	0.0355
GLP1R	rs2268650	A/G	−0.42	0.06	2.26×10⁻¹²	49.25	Proliferative DR	0.01	0.02	0.52	0.98 (0.91–1.05)	0.5256

SD Standard deviation, DR Diabetic retinopathy, SMR Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization, SNP Single nucleotide polymorphism, GWAS Genome-Wide Association Study, eQTL Expression quantitative trait loci, A1 effect allele, A2 other allele, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval

ISSN: 1741-7015