Table 1 General data and outcomes of the training and validation cohorts

Age (years), median (IQR)

61.0 (51.0–68.0)

61.0 (56.0–66.5)

0.693

Gender

0.849

 Male subjects, n (%)

125 (46.0)

55 (47.0)

 Female subjects, n (%)

147 (54.0)

62 (53.0)

ANCA subtypes

0.555

 MPO-ANCA, n (%)

246 (90.4)

108 (92.3)

 PR3-ANCA, n (%)

26 (9.6)

9 (7.7)

Hb, g/dL, mean ± SD

9.6 ± 2.1^a

9.16 ± 1.9

0.037

PLT, × 10⁹/L, median (IQR)

229.0 (178.3–304.8) ^a

242.0 (180.3–307.0)

0.790

eGFR (ml/min per 1.73m²), median (IQR)

16.9 (7.6–31.8)

14.4 (8.5–31.1)

0.859

Urinary protein, g/24 h, median (IQR)

1.4 (0.6–2.4)^a

1.6 (0.6–2.5)

0.615

BVAS, median (IQR)

17 (14–22)

17 (15–26)

0.207

Histological data

 Glomeruli, median (IQR)

26.0 (19.0–36.0)

28.0 (18.0–37.0)

0.800

 Normal glomeruli (%), median (IQR)

25.0 (10.6–46.6)

25.0 (10.7–54.6)

0.860

 Cellular crescents (%), mean ± SD

42.5 ± 22.8

41.5 ± 25.3

0.722

 IF/TA

< 0.001

  < 25%, n (%)

153 (56.2)

36 (30.8)

  25–50%, n (%)

85 (31.3)

43 (36.7)

  > 50%, n (%)

34 (12.5)

38 (32.5)

 C3 deposition > 1+, n (%)

88 (32.4)

41 (35.0)

0.717

 Corticosteroids combined with CTX or RTX, n (%)

246 (90.4)

108 (92.3)

0.555

 IV methylprednisolone pulse, n (%)

184 (67.6)

76 (65.0)

0.605

 Plasma exchange, n (%)

58 (21.3)

27 (23.1)

0.701

Renal risk score, median (IQR)

5.0 (0.0–8.0)

5.0 (2.0–9.0)

0.142

Risk group

0.06

 Low, n (%)

72 (26.5)

19 (16.2)

 Medium, n (%)

127 (46.7)

57 (48.7)

 High, n (%)

73 (26.8)

41 (35.0)

ESRD, n

82

33

0.486