Fig. 7

Systemic human C-peptide supplementation inhibits HGM-induced glomerular VE-cadherin disassembly and vascular leakage in the kidney of HGM mice and a schematic diagram depicting simultaneous inhibitory effects of K9-C-peptide against HGM-induced retinal, pulmonary, and glomerular dysfunction. HGM mice were implanted for 4 weeks with K9-C-peptide (HGM + K9-C-pep) or K8 polypeptide (HGM + K8) depots and then subjected to analysis of glomerular VE-cadherin disassembly and vascular leakage in the kidney. A Visualization of VE-cadherin with nuclear counterstaining using DAPI (blue) in the kidney. Scale bar, 50 µm. B Adherens junctions were quantified by based on fluorescence intensities of VE-cadherin in glomeruli (n = 6). C Visualization of glomerular vascular leakage in the kidney of C57BL/6 and Tgm2^−/− mice. Scale bar, 25 µm. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. NS, non-significant. ***P < 0.001. D Schematic model depicting simultaneous inhibitory effects of K9-C-peptide against HGM-induced retinal, pulmonary, and glomerular dysfunction in HGM mice