Fig. 4

The ability of 30 ELISA-validated urine proteins to discriminate bladder cancer patients from urology clinic controls. A Thirty urinary proteins were assayed in bladder cancer and UC by ELISA, using the UTSW cohort, comprising 31 UC, 10 Ta, 10 Tis, 10 T1, and 7 T2-T4 BC patients. The ELISA results for BC vs UC are displayed. The urology clinic controls (UC) comprise urology clinic control patients without urological cancers, as detailed in the "Methods" section. Biomarker protein units (normalized to creatinine) are as follows: n = ng/mg, p = pg/mg. CI: confidence interval. A Delong CI for AUC and a Clopper-Pearson CI for sensitivity and specificity is displayed. Sensitivity.^0.8 depicts the sensitivity at a fixed specificity value of 0.8. Indicated are the statistical significance p-values *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, comparing BC to UC. B The dot plots depict the 8 proteins with the highest ROC AUC accuracy values for discriminating BC vs UC. Creatinine normalized urine protein levels are plotted in contrasting colors representing UC, BC Ta, Tis, and T1–T4 stages. Statistical analyses of plots were carried out using a Kruskal-Walls test with Dunn’s multiple comparison post hoc test. The asterisks indicate the level of significance between the groups: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001