Fig. 6
Analysis of BC biomarkers using multi-marker panels and Bayesian network analysis. A Panel 1 displays the top 5-biomarker panel that distinguishes BC from UC after adjusting for age, gender, and ethnicity. A positive prediction approach was implemented as detailed in the “Methods” section for panels 1 and 2. The combined statistics for the panel of markers are displayed. Panel 2 displays the top 5-biomarker panel that distinguishes MIBC from NMIBC after adjusting for age, gender, and ethnicity. B The 21 proteins that showed significant AUC values for BC vs UC and fold change > 1 were subjected to Bayesian network analysis using BayesiaLab. The network was constructed as detailed in the “Methods” section. The circular nodes represent the urine biomarkers (colored purple), features (colored gray), and disease (BC vs UC; colored brown). The size of each node was determined using “node force” and is proportional to its impact on the other nodes in the network, based on conditional probabilities. The arcs that interconnect the nodes were determined with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The interconnections between nodes represent dependencies among the variables including the correlation coefficient between nodes. The thickness of the arcs is proportional to the correlation coefficient