Association of regular glucosamine use with incident dementia: evidence from a longitudinal cohort and Mendelian randomization study

Table 3 MR results for the relationship between regular glucosamine use and incident dementia

Method	All-cause dementia				Alzheimer’s disease				Vascular dementia
Method	Number of SNPs	OR (95% CI)	P for association	P for MR-Egger intercept	Number of SNPs	OR (95% CI)	P for association	P for MR-Egger intercept	Number of SNPs	OR (95% CI)	P for association	P for MR-Egger intercept
Univariable MR
IVW	9	0.85 (0.76–0.95)	0.007	0.542	9	0.85 (0.78–0.93)	< 0.001	0.505	9	0.64 (0.42–0.96)	0.031	0.763
Weighted median		0.83 (0.72–0.96)	0.011			0.85 (0.76–0.96)	0.007			0.44 (0.30–0.65)	< 0.001
MR-Egger		0.32 (0.03–3.49)	0.378			0.50 (0.08–3.07)	0.481			0.82 (0.05–6.15)	0.762
Multivariable MR^a
IVW	70	0.88 (0.81–0.95)	< 0.001	0.171	67	0.78 (0.72–0.85)	< 0.001	0.202	70	0.73 (0.57–0.94)	< 0.001	0.094
MR-Egger		0.43 (0.09–2.28)	0.386			0.56 (0.11–2.66)	0.502			0.90 (0.12–5.35)	0.915

^a Multivariable MR analysis estimating the effect of regular glucosamine use on incident dementia, conditioning on vitamin supplement, chondroitin product intake, and osteoarthritis. All statistical tests were two-sided P < 0.05 was considered significant

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