Adverse birth outcomes and early-life infections after in utero exposure to corticosteroids for inflammatory bowel disease: a Danish nationwide cohort study

Table 3 Odds of adverse birth outcomes in live-born children exposed in utero to corticosteroids (#2), relative to children not exposed in utero to corticosteroids, multivariable logistic regression models with crude and adjusted estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI)

	Live births after in utero exposure to corticosteroids #2 N = 1336	Live births not exposed in utero to corticosteroids N = 9371	Odds ratio (95% CI)
	N events (%)	N events (%)	Crude	Adjusted^a
Preterm birth	186 (13.9)	641 (6.8)	2.20 (1.84–2.64)	2.45 (1.91–3.13)
Small for gestational age	45 (3.4)	264 (2.8)	1.20 (0.86–1.67)	1.21 (0.76–1.90)
Low 5-min Apgar score	16 (1.3)	50 (0.6)	2.27 (1.29–4.02)	0.91 (0.33–2.52)^b

^aAdjusted for maternal comorbidity, maternal age at child birth, calendar year of child birth, maternal smoking status, parity, sex of the child, maternal BMI, maternal use of biologic therapy, azathioprines, or 5-ASA 30 days prior to conception or during pregnancy
^bAdjusted for maternal comorbidity, maternal age at child birth, calendar year of child birth, maternal smoking status, parity, sex of the child, preterm birth, maternal BMI, and maternal use of biologic therapy, azathioprines, or 5-ASA 30 days prior to conception or during pregnancy

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