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Table 1 Classification framework for well-being domains and subdomainsa

From: Interventions to improve well-being among children and youth aged 6–17 years during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review

Domain

Subdomains

(1) Good health and optimum nutrition

• Physical health and capacities

• Mental health and capacities

• Optimal nutritional status and diet

(2) Connectedness, positive values, and contribution to society

• Connectedness: is part of positive social and cultural networks and has positive, meaningful relationships with others, including family, peers, and, where relevant, teachers and employers

• Valued and respected by others and accepted as part of the community

• Attitudes: responsible, caring, and has respect for others; has a sense of ethics, integrity, and morality

• Interpersonal skills: empathy, friendship skills, and sensitivity

• Activity: socially, culturally, and civically active

• Change and development: equipped to contribute to change and development in their own lives and/or in their communities

(3) Safety and a supportive environment

• Safety: emotional and physical safety

• Material conditions in the physical environment are met

• Equity: treated fairly and have an equal chance in life

• Equality: equal distribution of power, resources, rights, and opportunities for all

• Nondiscrimination

• Privacy

• Responsive: enriching the opportunities available to the adolescent

(4) Learning, competence, education, skills, and employability

• Learning: has the commitment to, and motivation for, continual learning

• Education

• Resources, life skills, and competencies: has the necessary cognitive, social, creative, and emotional resources; skills (life/decision-making); and competencies to thrive, including knowing their rights and how to claim them, and how to plan and make choices

• Skills: acquisition of technical, vocational, business, and creative skills to be able to take advantage of current or future economic, cultural, and social opportunities

• Employability

• Confidence that they can do things well

(5) Agency and resilience

• Agency: has self-esteem; a sense of agency and of being empowered to make meaningful choices and to influence their social, political, and material environment; and capacity for self-expression and self-direction appropriate to their evolving capacities and stage of development

• Identity: feels comfortable in their own self and with their identity(s), including their physical, cultural, social, sexual, and gender identity

• Purpose: has a sense of purpose, desire to succeed, and optimism about the future

• Resilience: equipped to handle adversities both now and in the future, in a way that is appropriate to their evolving capacities and stage of development

• Fulfilment: feels that they are fulfilling their potential now and that they will be able to do so in the future

  1. aRoss DA, Hinton R, Melles-Brewer M, et al. Adolescent well-being: a definition and conceptual framework. J Adolesc Health. 2020;67(4):472–476