Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by preserved vegetable consumption

n

440,415

77,718

138,884

126,225

97,588

Age (year)

50.8 ± 10.3^a

51.5 ± 10.8

50.8 ± 10.3

50.2 ± 10.2

51.1 ± 10.1

Male (%)

40.3

40.1

40.3

40.7

40.0

Body mass index (kg/m²)

23.6 ± 3.3

23.9 ± 3.4

23.4 ± 3.3

23.4 ± 3.3

24.1 ± 3.3

Married (%)

91.4

91.6

91.8

92.0

91.3

Urban residence (%)

43.2

49.9

34.0

34.8

61.7

Southern residence (%)^b

59.8

46.2

66.6

63.4

56.4

≥High school (%)

21.4

28.9

20.7

19.3

19.3

Household income (≥35,000 yuan/year, %)

18.3

15.8

18.4

18.1

20.3

Physical activity (MET-h/wk)

153.6 ± 97.4

128.2 ± 91.7

149.7 ± 98.4

165.8 ± 95.7

163.5 ± 98.2

Smoking (%)

 Ex-regular (men)

11.4

12.2

11.7

10.5

11.6

 Ex-regular (women)

0.6

0.7

0.4

0.6

1.0

 Current regular (men)

62.7

55.9

61.1

64.7

67.8

 Current regular (women)

2.0

2.0

1.3

1.8

3.3

Alcohol drinking (%)

 Ex-regular (men)

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.6

 Ex-regular (women)

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.4

 Current regular (men)

45.5

44.4

40.6

42.8

57.0

 Current regular (women)

4.0

4.4

3.1

3.5

5.4

Family history of cardiovascular disease (%)

19.9

23.2

19.2

17.3

21.7

Family history of cancer (%)

16.3

18.9

15.2

13.4

19.7

Hypertension (%)

31.4

30.1

31.7

30.7

33.0

Self-rated poor health (%)

8.1

10.2

6.8

6.7

9.8

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

130.1 ± 20.8

129.1 ± 20.8

130.1 ± 20.9

129.9 ± 20.8

131.1 ± 20.7

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

77.6 ± 11.1

76.9 ± 11.1

77.3 ± 11.1

77.6 ± 11.1

78.7 ± 11.0

Blood glucose (mmol/L)^c

5.9 ± 1.9

5.9 ± 1.9

5.8 ± 1.8

5.8 ± 1.8

6.0 ± 2.0

Regular consumption of food (%)^d

 Red meat

47.7

46.6

47.4

47.1

49.6

 Poultry

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.5

1.5

 Fish

9.2

11.5

10.3

6.6

9.0

 Eggs

24.0

27.3

20.2

23.6

27.4

 Dairy

10.9

15.4

8.2

9.5

12.8

 Fresh vegetables

94.6

96.1

95.4

92.4

95.2

 Fruit

28.2

30.4

22.0

27.7

36.1

 Soybeans

9.6

8.3

8.6

10.8

10.4