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Table 2 Number of deaths and adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and cancer mortality according to preserved vegetable consumption

From: Preserved vegetable consumption and its association with mortality among 440,415 people in the China Kadoorie Biobank

 

Preserved vegetable consumption

  

Never/rarely

Monthly

1–3 days/week

Regularly (≥4 days/week)

P trend

P non-linearity

Person-years

771,737

1,392,939

1,260,552

990,556

  

All-cause mortality

 Cases/n

5449/77,718

8909/138,884

8180/126,225

6087/97,588

  

 Model 1a

1

0.98 (0.94–1.02)

1.00 (0.96–1.04)

1.01 (0.97–1.06)

0.441

 

 Model 2b

1

1.00 (0.96–1.04)

1.02 (0.98–1.06)

1.00 (0.96–1.05)

0.690

 

 Model 3c

1

1.03 (0.99–1.07)

1.06 (1.02–1.11)

1.02 (0.98–1.07)

0.168

 

CVD mortality

 Cases/n

2147/77,718

3454/138,884

3196/126,225

2127/97,588

  

 Model 1a

1

1.02 (0.96–1.08)

1.06 (0.99–1.13)

1.06 (0.99–1.14)

0.069

 

 Model 2b

1

1.04 (0.98–1.11)

1.08 (1.01–1.15)

1.05 (0.98–1.14)

0.102

 

 Model 3c

1

1.08 (1.01–1.15)

1.12 (1.05–1.20)

1.07 (0.99–1.15)

0.041

0.025

Cancer mortality

 Cases/n

1971/77,718

3034/138,884

2837/126,225

2550/97,588

  

 Model 1a

1

0.95 (0.89–1.01)

1.00 (0.94–1.07)

1.02 (0.95–1.09)

0.285

 

 Model 2b

1

0.96 (0.90–1.02)

1.01 (0.94–1.08)

1.00 (0.94–1.07)

0.587

 

 Model 3c

1

0.99 (0.93–1.05)

1.04 (0.97–1.11)

1.02 (0.95–1.10)

0.277

 
  1. CI Confidence interval, CVD Cardiovascular disease, HR Hazard ratio
  2. aModel 1 was stratified by age-at-risk (5-year intervals), sex, and study area (10 regions)
  3. bModel 2 was further adjusted for marital status (never married, married, divorced/separated, or widowed), body mass index (in kg/m2; continuous), household income (in yuan/year; <10,000, 10,000–19,999, 20,000–34,999, or ≥35,000), survey season, highest education level (no formal school, primary school, middle or high school, or college and above), physical activity (MET-h/wk), smoking (non-smoker, occasional smoker, ever-smoker, or current smoker), alcohol drinking (non-drinker, occasional drinker, ever-drinker, or current drinker), family history of cancer (yes or no), and family history of CVD (yes or no)
  4. cModel 3 was further adjusted for intakes of red meat, poultry, eggs, fish, soybeans, fruit, dairy (never/rarely, monthly, 1–3 days/week, or regularly), and fresh vegetables (daily or less than daily) at baseline