Fig. 2

The association between health behaviours with fertility and reproductive outcomes from individual-level Mendelian randomisation analyses comparing females and males. Units of association can be interpreted as follows: for continuous exposures on continuous outcomes, units are mean difference in the outcome per unit increase in the genetically predicted exposure. For continuous exposures on binary outcomes, units approximate the risk difference of the outcome per unit increase in the genetically predicted exposure. The only exception is when smoking initiation is the exposure, which is binary. Therefore, exposure units are per standard deviation increase in the probability of being a smoker. Some 95% confidence intervals are narrow and therefore are not easily visible on the plot. BMI = Body Mass Index, Caffeine = Caffeine Consumption, N Children = Number of Children, TTC = Time to Conception, Treatment = Use of Infertility Treatment