Table 1 Descriptive statistics for the key variables in this study
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | Total |
Total medical costs (RMB) | 2347.16 (7908.26) | 3045.24 (12,337.98) | 3958.84 (13,829.97) | 3117.08 (11,652.05) |
Average PM2.5 concentrations (µg/m3) | 56.45 (22.06) | 47.98 (17.86) | 41.05 (13.56) | 48.49 (19.22) |
Ground surface ozone (µg/m3) | 105.71 (9.81) | 111.19 (11.87) | 121.11 (15.21) | 112.67 (14.02) |
Planetary boundary layer height (m) | 489.26 (68.79) | 487.53 (74.86) | 487.68 (70.39) | 488.16 (71.39) |
Wind speed (m/s) | 1.03 (0.55) | 1.00 (0.50) | 1.07 (0.57) | 1.03 (0.54) |
Age (year) | 50.11 (13.00) | 52.16 (12.98) | 54.11 (13.00) | 52.13 (13.09) |
Gender | ||||
Female | 4627 (51.83) | 4627 (51.83) | 4627 (51.83) | 13,881 (51.83) |
Male | 4301 (48.17) | 4301 (48.17) | 4301 (48.17) | 12,903 (48.17) |
Number of chronic diseases | ||||
Zero | 7083 (79.33) | 7082 (79.32) | 6922 (77.53) | 21,087 (78.73) |
One | 1160 (12.99) | 1086 (12.16) | 1050 (11.76) | 3296 (12.31) |
Two or more | 685 (7.67) | 760 (8.51) | 956 (10.71) | 2401 (8.96) |
CES-D scores | 9.06 (3.83) | 32.27 (8.00) | 33.10 (8.20) | 24.81 (13.14) |
Whether healthier than last year | ||||
Healthier | 850 (9.52) | 800 (8.96) | 861 (9.64) | 2511 (9.38) |
No change | 5085 (56.96) | 4984 (55.82) | 4631 (51.87) | 14,700 (54.88) |
Worse | 2993 (33.52) | 3144 (35.22) | 3436 (38.49) | 9573 (35.74) |
Whether hospitalized last year | ||||
No | 7905 (88.54) | 7712 (86.38) | 7509 (84.11) | 23,126 (86.34) |
Yes | 1023 (11.46) | 1216 (13.62) | 1419 (15.89) | 3659 (13.66) |
Subjective memory impairment | ||||
Very bad | 2139 (23.96) | 1506 (16.87) | 1760 (19.71) | 5405 (20.18) |
Bad | 2253 (25.24) | 2304 (25.81) | 1404 (15.73) | 5961 (22.26) |
Not bad | 2309 (25.86) | 2619 (29.33) | 2707 (30.32) | 7635 (28.51) |
Well | 1220 (13.66) | 1422 (15.93) | 1831 (20.51) | 4473 (16.70) |
Very well | 1007 (11.28) | 1077 (12.06) | 1226 (13.73) | 3310 (12.36) |
Medical insurance | ||||
UEBMI | 1372 (15.37) | 1419 (15.89) | 1432 (16.04) | 4223 (15.77) |
URBMI | 716 (8.02) | 700 (7.84) | 801 (8.97) | 2217 (8.28) |
NCMS | 6575 (73.64) | 6604 (73.97) | 6492 (72.72) | 19,671 (73.44) |
Others | 265 (2.97) | 205 (2.30) | 203 (2.27) | 673 (2.51) |
Marriage status | ||||
Married | 8091 (90.63) | 8079 (90.49) | 7987 (89.46) | 24,157 (90.19) |
Single | 327 (3.66) | 244 (2.73) | 212 (2.37) | 783 (2.92) |
Divorce/widowed | 510 (5.71) | 605 6.78) | 729 (8.17) | 1844 (6.88) |
Household cooking fuel | ||||
Clean | 5283 (59.17) | 5658 (63.37) | 6195 (69.39) | 17,139 (63.98) |
Unclean | 3645 (40.83) | 3270 (36.63) | 2733 (30.61) | 9648 (36.02) |
Type of house | ||||
One-story | 4089 (45.80) | 3785 (42.39) | 4010 (44.91) | 11,884 (44.37) |
Multi-story | 4312 (48.30) | 4491 (50.30) | 3844 (43.06) | 12,647 (47.22) |
Unknown | 527 (5.90) | 652 (7.30) | 1074 (12.03) | 2253 (8.41) |
Whether obtaining any subsidy | ||||
Yes | 3646(40.84) | 4365 (48.89) | 4424 (49.55) | 12,435 (46.43) |
No | 5282 (59.16) | 4563 (51.11) | 4504 (50.45) | 14,349 (53.57) |
Work status | ||||
Unemployed | 55 (0.62) | 50 (0.56) | 45 (0.50) | 150 (0.56) |
Employed | 6997 (78.37) | 6867 (76.92) | 6730 (75.38) | 20,594 (76.89) |
Retired | 1838 (20.59) | 1995 (22.35) | 2149 (24.07) | 5982 (22.33) |
Unknown | 38 (0.43) | 16 (0.18) | 4 (0.04) | 58 (0.22) |
Habit of surfing the internet | ||||
Yes | 1857 (20.80) | 2730 (30.58) | 3681 (41.23) | 8268 (30.87) |
No | 7071 (79.20) | 6198 (69.42) | 5247 (58.77) | 18,516 (69.13) |
Habit of drinking | ||||
No | 7487 (83.86) | 7527 (84.31) | 7493 (83.93) | 22,507 (84.03) |
Yes | 1441 (16.14) | 1401 (15.69) | 1435 (16.07) | 4277 (15.97) |
Whether smoking | ||||
No | 6266 (70.18) | 6356 (71.19) | 6294 (70.50) | 18,916 (70.62) |
Yes | 2662 (29.82) | 2572 (28.81) | 2634 (29.50) | 7868 (29.38) |
Exercise habits | ||||
Frequently | 1804 (20.21) | 2371 (26.56) | 2871 (32.16) | 7046 (26.31) |
Occasionally | 1217 (13.63) | 1267 (14.19) | 1583 (17.73) | 4067 (15.18) |
Hardly/never | 5907 (66.16) | 5290 (59.25) | 4474 (50.11) | 15,671 (58.51) |
Household per capita income quantile | ||||
0–25%,1st | 2022 (22.65) | 2331 (26.11) | 2275 (25.48) | 6628 (24.75) |
25–50%, 2nd | 2158 (24.17) | 2517 (28.19) | 2591 (29.02) | 7266 (27.13) |
50–75%, 3rd | 2335 (26.15) | 2303 (25.80) | 2308 (25.85) | 6946 (25.93) |
75–100%, 4th | 2413 (27.03) | 1777 (19.90) | 1754 (19.65) | 5944 (22.19) |
City per capita income | 50,108.94 (14,143.32) | 61,082.38 (18,472.41) | 73,816.49 (22,000.81) | 61,669.27 (20,870.87) |
City per capita hospital beds | 47.40 (18.27) | 51.20 (19.07) | 49.49 (20.40) | 49.36 (19.33) |
Total | 8928 | 8928 | 8928 | 26,784 |