Table 3 Multivariable MR results of causal links between gut microbiome and smoking phenotypes after adjusting for specific serum metabolites
From: Cross-talks between gut microbiota and tobacco smoking: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Exposure | Outcome | Adjustment of metabolites | Method | β | SE | P | Horizontal pleiotropy P for Egger intercept |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phylum Actinobacteria | Age of initiation | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | 0.044 | 0.018 | 0.013 | - |
MVMR-Egger | 0.048 | 0.023 | 0.040 | 0.813 | |||
Order Bifidobacteriales | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | 0.029 | 0.015 | 0.044 | - | |
MVMR-Egger | 0.045 | 0.018 | 0.011 | 0.124 | |||
Family Bifidobacteriaceae | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | 0.029 | 0.015 | 0.044 | - | |
MVMR-Egger | 0.045 | 0.018 | 0.011 | 0.124 | |||
Genus Bifidobacterium | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | 0.027 | 0.014 | 0.062 | - | |
MVMR-Egger | 0.045 | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.071 | |||
Phylum Actinobacteria | Cigarettes per day | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | -0.067 | 0.039 | 0.089 | - |
MVMR-Egger | -0.126 | 0.050 | 0.012 | 0.062 | |||
Class Actinobacteria | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | -0.058 | 0.032 | 0.074 | - | |
MVMR-Egger | -0.084 | 0.040 | 0.036 | 0.267 | |||
Order Bifidobacteriales | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | -0.063 | 0.032 | 0.046 | - | |
MVMR-Egger | -0.106 | 0.038 | 0.006 | 0.055 | |||
Family Bifidobacteriaceae | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | -0.063 | 0.032 | 0.046 | - | |
MVMR-Egger | -0.106 | 0.038 | 0.006 | 0.055 | |||
Genus Bifidobacterium | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | -0.061 | 0.031 | 0.050 | - | |
MVMR-Egger | -0.112 | 0.037 | 0.003 | 0.018 | |||
Phylum Actinobacteria | Lifetime smoking | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | -0.018 | 0.009 | 0.040 | - |
MVMR-Egger | -0.020 | 0.011 | 0.084 | 0.818 | |||
Class Actinobacteria | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | -0.009 | 0.008 | 0.242 | - | |
MVMR-Egger | -0.011 | 0.009 | 0.262 | 0.755 | |||
Order Bifidobacteriales | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | -0.015 | 0.008 | 0.045 | - | |
MVMR-Egger | -0.018 | 0.010 | 0.064 | 0.685 | |||
Family Bifidobacteriaceae | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | -0.015 | 0.008 | 0.045 | - | |
MVMR-Egger | -0.018 | 0.010 | 0.064 | 0.685 | |||
Genus Bifidobacterium | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | -0.014 | 0.008 | 0.060 | - | |
MVMR-Egger | -0.020 | 0.009 | 0.035 | 0.317 | |||
Genus Peptococcus | Six metabolites | MVMR-IVW | -0.005 | 0.008 | 0.502 | - | |
MVMR-Egger | -0.006 | 0.010 | 0.550 | 0.795 | |||
Class Actinobacteria | Lifetime smoking | Tryptophan | MVMR-IVW | -0.012 | 0.008 | 0.115 | - |
MVMR-Egger | -0.015 | 0.009 | 0.101 | 0.553 | |||
Tyrosine | MVMR-IVW | -0.013 | 0.013 | 0.316 | - | ||
MVMR-Egger | -0.039 | 0.020 | 0.051 | 0.102 | |||
Phenylalanine | MVMR-IVW | -0.016 | 0.006 | 0.006 | - | ||
MVMR-Egger | -0.030 | 0.022 | 0.173 | 0.501 | |||
Glutamate | MVMR-IVW | -0.018 | 0.006 | 0.001 | - | ||
MVMR-Egger | -0.012 | 0.017 | 0.462 | 0.710 | |||
Glycine | MVMR-IVW | -0.015 | 0.005 | 0.004 | - | ||
MVMR-Egger | -0.018 | 0.012 | 0.145 | 0.775 | |||
Valerate | MVMR-IVW | -0.009 | 0.007 | 0.218 | - | ||
MVMR-Egger | -0.047 | 0.030 | 0.121 | 0.185 | |||
Genus Peptococcus | Lifetime smoking | Tryptophan | MVMR-IVW | -0.005 | 0.008 | 0.503 | - |
MVMR-Egger | -0.002 | 0.010 | 0.835 | 0.663 | |||
Tyrosine | MVMR-IVW | -0.013 | 0.023 | 0.558 | - | ||
MVMR-Egger | -0.044 | 0.021 | 0.038 | 0.013 | |||
Phenylalanine | MVMR-IVW | -0.022 | 0.012 | 0.071 | - | ||
MVMR-Egger | - | - | - | - | |||
Glutamate | MVMR-IVW | -0.022 | 0.012 | 0.072 | - | ||
MVMR-Egger | -0.063 | 0.068 | 0.355 | 0.526 | |||
Glycine | MVMR-IVW | -0.020 | 0.008 | 0.009 | - | ||
MVMR-Egger | -0.024 | 0.011 | 0.035 | 0.549 | |||
Valerate | MVMR-IVW | - | - | - | - | ||
MVMR-Egger | - | - | - | - |