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Table 2 Comparison of baseline demographics between participants with and without NAFLD

From: The impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis on adverse clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study using the UK Biobank

 

Total

NAFLD status

No NAFLD

NAFLD

Standardised difference

N, (%)

18,073

7921 (43.8)

10,152 (56.2)

 

Median age, years (IQR)

62 (12)

62 (13)

62 (11)

0.048

Male (%)

42.1

39.6

44.1

0.093

Ethnicity (%)

   

0.039

 White

89.4

90.0

88.9

 

 Non-white

10.0

9.5

10.5

 

Townsend deprivation index

   

0.201

 Median score

 − 1.55

 − 1.95

 − 1.19

 

Alcohol

 Weekly gram data available (%)

72.7

74.9

71.0

0.09

 Mean alcohol grams per week

40.0

48.0

34.0

0.104

 Non-drinkers (abstainers and former) (%)

17.4

15.8

18.7

 

Diabetes

 Diabetes (%)

19.5

5.2

30.7

0.703

 Median HbA1c people with diabetes, mmol/mol

54.7

52.9

55.0

0.15

 Median HbA1c overall, mmol/mol

37.3

35.7

39.1

0.65

Overweight/obesity

 Median BMI, kg/m2 (IQR)

28.6 (7.7)

24.7 (3.9)

32.2 (6.2)

 

Weight categories

   

2.09

  Overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) (%)

35.1

44.7

27.7

 

  Obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) (%)

40.6

1.2

71.3

 

 Median waist circumference, cm (IQR)

95 (22)

83 (16)

103 (18)

 

 High risk (WC men > 102 cm, women > 88 cm) (%)

48.3

11.2

77.3

1.695

Lipids

 Dyslipidaemia (%)

72.0

55.4

84.9

0.68

 Median HDL (mmol/L)

1.3

1.4

1.2

0.686

 Median TG (mmol/L)

1.7

1.4

2.0

0.606

Hypertensive (%)

57.5

43.7

68.2

0.51

Smoking (%)

   

0.185

 Never smoked

53.5

56.9

50.9

 

 Previous smoker

33.9

29.2

37.5

 

 Current smoker

11.6

13.1

10.5

 

Liver enzymes

 Median ALT (IU/l)

21

17

25

0.646

 Median AST (IU/l)

25

24

25

0.183

 Median GGT (IU/l)

30

23

35

0.367

 Median platelets (106/l)

252

249

253

0.028

 Median albumin (g/l)

45

45

45

0.129

Baseline CVE (%)

7.6

6.0

9.0

0.115

Baseline eGFR

 Median eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

85

90

81

0.286

 G1 (≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2) (%)

41.6

49.2

35.7

 

 G2 (60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2) (%)

29.9

27.6

31.7

 

 G3a (45–59 ml/min/1.73 m2) (%)

22.4

18.1

25.8

 

 G3b (30–44 ml/min/1.73 m2) (%)

4.8

3.9

5.4

 

 G4 (15–29 ml/min/1.73 m2) (%)

1.2

1.0

1.3

 

Baseline UACR

 Median UACR (mg/mmol)

39

33

44

0.023

 UACR < 3 mg/mmol (%)

20.7

16.8

23.8

 

 UACR 3–30 mg/mmol (%)

71.4

76.0

67.8

 

 UACR > 30 mg/mmol (%)

6.7

6.5

6.8

 
  1. NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, IQR interquartile range, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase, GGT gamma glutamyl transferase, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, UACR urine albumin creatinine ratio, ns not significant
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