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Table 3 Association of NAFLD with CVE, ESRD and all-cause mortality

From: The impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis on adverse clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study using the UK Biobank

  

Participants

Events

Median follow-up (months)

Event rate per person-year

Univariate model

Multivariable model 1

Multivariable model 2

Multivariable model 3

All cardiovascular events, HR (95% CI)

No NAFLD

7921

587

160.8

0.012

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

NAFLD

10,152

1079

157.6

0.018

1.49 (1.38–1.60)****

1.42 (1.32–1.53)****

1.40 (1.29–1.51)****

1.20 (1.11–1.30)****

Acute coronary syndrome, HR (95% CI)

No NAFLD

7921

191

163.2

0.004

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

NAFLD

10,152

343

161.2

0.006

1.59 (1.40–1.82)****

1.52 (1.33–1.73)****

1.49 (1.30–1.70)****

1.22 (1.06–1.41)**

Heart failure, HR (95% CI)

No NAFLD

7921

274

163.5

0.005

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

NAFLD

10,152

520

161.4

0.009

1.74 (1.57–1.93)****

1.67 (1.50–1.85)****

1.58 (1.41–1.75)****

1.29 (1.15–1.45)****

Cerebrovascular accident, HR (95% CI)

No NAFLD

7921

215

163.3

0.004

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

NAFLD

10,152

422

161.8

0.006

1.31 (1.16–1.48)****

1.25 (1.11–1.42)***

1.25 (1.10–1.42)***

1.06 (0.93–1.21)

Peripheral arterial disease, HR (95% CI)

No NAFLD

7921

131

163.8

0.002

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

NAFLD

10,152

227

162.6

0.003

1.48 (1.26–1.74)****

1.37 (1.16–1.61) ***

1.38 (1.17–1.64)***

1.03 (0.86–1.24)

End-stage renal disease, HR (95% CI)

No NAFLD

7921

67

164.0

0.001

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

NAFLD

10,152

148

163.2

0.002

1.26 (1.02–1.54)*

1.16 (0.94–1.43)

1.10 (0.88–1.37)

0.77 (0.60–0.98)*

All-cause mortality, HR (95% CI)

No NAFLD

7921

688

164.3

0.012

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

NAFLD

10,152

1254

163.4

0.015

1.22 (1.14–1.31)****

1.15 (1.07–1.24)***

1.09 (0.02–1.18)*

0.92 (0.85–1.00)*

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, deprivation and ethnicity
  2. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, smoking and baseline eGFR and UACR
  3. Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, smoking, baseline eGFR and UACR and diabetes
  4. NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
  5. *p < 0.05
  6. **p < 0.01
  7. ***p < 0.001
  8. ****p < 0.0001
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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