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Table 4 Association of the NAFLD fibrosis score on CVE, ESRD and all-cause mortality for individuals with CKD and NAFLD

From: The impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis on adverse clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study using the UK Biobank

  

Participants

Events

Median follow-up (months)

Event rate

Univariate model

Multivariable model 1

Multivariable model 2

Multivariable model 3

All cardiovascular events, HR (95% CI)

Low risk

6057

1835

161.0

0.013

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

Intermediate risk

3311

905

155.7

0.02

1.46 (1.33–1.61)****

1.49 (1.35–1.65)****

1.40 (1.27–1.55)****

1.22 (1.10–1.36)***

High risk

784

249

120.5

0.039

2.42 (2.09–2.80)****

1.84 (1.59–2.14)****

1.56 (1.33–1.82)****

1.19 (1.01–1.40)*

Acute coronary syndrome, HR (95% CI)

Low risk

6057

621

163.6

0.004

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

Intermediate risk

3311

319

159.5

0.006

1.51 (1.28–1.77)****

1.46 (1.24–1.72)****

1.35 (1.14–1.60)***

1.08 (0.90–1.29)

High risk

784

80

152.7

0.01

1.93 (1.50–2.50)****

1.44 (1.11–1.87)**

1.21 (0.92–1.59)

0.82 (0.61–1.09)

Heart failure, HR (95% CI)

Low risk

6057

908

163.9

0.006

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

Intermediate risk

3311

528

159.6

0.01

1.63 (1.43–1.85)****

1.74 (1.52–1.99)****

1.63 (1.43–1.87)****

1.40 (1.21–1.61)****

High risk

784

202

151.5

0.024

3.48 (2.93–4.12)****

2.68 (2.25–3.19)****

2.21 (1.84–2.65)****

1.65 (1.36–2.01)****

Cerebrovascular accident, HR (95% CI)

Low risk

6057

696

163.9

0.004

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

Intermediate risk

3311

323

159.8

0.006

1.28 (1.09–1.51)**

1.32 (1.12–1.56)**

1.28 (1.08–1.52)**

1.07 (0.89–1.28)

High risk

784

94

153.4

0.01

2.18 (1.72–2.75)****

1.70 (1.34–2.16)****

1.60 (1.25–2.06)***

1.16 (0.89–1.52)

Peripheral arterial disease, HR (95% CI)

Low risk

6057

370

164.4

0.002

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

Intermediate risk

3311

212

160.6

0.004

1.60 (1.30–1.96)****

1.61 (1.31–1.99)****

1.46 (1.17–1.81)***

1.12 (0.89–1.41)

High risk

784

68

154.8

0.007

2.74 (2.05–3.66)****

2.00 (1.49–2.69)****

1.59 (1.16–2.16)**

1.03 (0.74–1.43)

End-stage renal disease, HR (95% CI)

Low risk

6057

160

164.8

0.001

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

Intermediate risk

3311

176

161.2

0.003

3.08 (2.30–4.11)****

2.78 (2.07–3.72)****

1.68 (1.23–2.30)**

1.28 (0.92–1.77)

High risk

784

48

155.5

0.005

5.15 (3.52–7.52)****

4.37 (2.96–6.46)****

1.55 (1.01–2.36)*

0.95 (0.61–1.50)

All-cause mortality, HR (95% CI)

Low risk

6057

1952

165.0

0.012

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

1.00 ref

Intermediate risk

3311

901

161.7

0.016

1.34 (1.22–1.48)****

1.44 (1.30–1.59)****

1.31 (1.18–1.45)****

1.12 (1.00–1.25)*

High risk

784

342

156.2

0.034

2.82 (2.48–3.21)****

2.13 (1.87–2.43)****

1.73 (1.50–1.99)****

1.31 (1.13–1.52)***

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, deprivation and ethnicity
  2. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, smoking and baseline eGFR and UACR
  3. Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, smoking, baseline eGFR and UACR and diabetes
  4. Low risk fibrosis: NAFLD fibrosis score <  − 1.455 (< 0.12 if ≥ 65 years)
  5. Intermediate risk fibrosis: NAFLD fibrosis score − 1.455–0.676 (0.12–0.676 if ≥ 65 years)
  6. High-risk fibrosis: NAFLD fibrosis score ≥ 0.676
  7. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
  8. *p < 0.05
  9. **p < 0.01
  10. ***p < 0.001
  11. ****p < 0.0001
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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