| Lifetime abstainer | Former infrequent drinker | Former regular drinker | Current infrequent drinker | Current light drinker | Current moderate drinker | Current heavy drinker |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | (n = 223,757) | (n = 62,185) | (n = 78,769) | (n = 122,441) | (n = 264,067) | (n = 122,825) | (n = 44,485) |
All-cause | |||||||
 Deaths | 40,479 | 12,727 | 23,551 | 17,031 | 26,053 | 14,977 | 6694 |
 Person-years | 2,798,158 | 635,930 | 1,029,426 | 1,572,351 | 3,444,244 | 1,551,492 | 572,793 |
 Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.15 (1.11–1.19) | 1.28 (1.24–1.31) | 0.90 (0.87–0.93) | 0.73 (0.71–0.75) | 0.80 (0.78–0.83) | 1.27 (1.21–1.33) |
 Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) | 0.87 (0.84–0.90) | 0.77 (0.75–0.79) | 0.82 (0.80–0.85) | 1.07 (1.03–1.12) |
 2-yr lag model | 1 (ref) | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | 0.87 (0.84–0.90) | 0.78 (0.75–0.80) | 0.84 (0.81–0.87) | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) |
CVD | |||||||
 Deaths | 13,562 | 4041 | 7659 | 5216 | 7585 | 4242 | 1674 |
 Person-years | 2,798,158 | 635,930 | 1,029,426 | 1,572,351 | 3,444,244 | 1,551,492 | 572,793 |
 Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.08 (1.02–1.15) | 1.23 (1.17–1.29) | 0.87 (0.82–0.91) | 0.67 (0.64–0.71) | 0.69 (0.65–0.73) | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) |
 Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | 0.86 (0.82–0.91) | 0.76 (0.73–0.80) | 0.78 (0.74–0.82) | 0.94 (0.86–1.01) |
 2-yr lag model | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 0.88 (0.83–0.92) | 0.77 (0.73–0.81) | 0.79 (0.75–0.84) | 0.96 (0.89–1.05) |
Cancer | |||||||
 Deaths | 8169 | 2792 | 5254 | 4156 | 6851 | 4072 | 1928 |
 Person-years | 2,798,158 | 635,930 | 1,029,426 | 1,572,351 | 3,444,244 | 1,551,492 | 572,793 |
 Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.34 (1.25–1.44) | 1.51 (1.42–1.60) | 1.13 (1.06–1.21) | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 1.13 (1.06–1.21) | 1.89 (1.73–2.06) |
 Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.15 (1.08–1.21) | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) | 0.86 (0.81–0.91) | 0.93 (0.87–1.00) | 1.24 (1.14–1.34) |
 2-yr lag model | 1 (ref) | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | 1.14 (1.07–1.22) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 0.88 (0.83–0.94) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 1.28 (1.18–1.40) |
Chronic lower respiratory tract diseases | |||||||
 Deaths | 2030 | 865 | 1675 | 1058 | 1323 | 840 | 455 |
 Person-years | 2,798,158 | 635,930 | 1,029,426 | 1,572,351 | 3,444,244 | 1,551,492 | 572,793 |
 Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.65 (1.45–1.87) | 2.00 (1.80–2.22) | 1.15 (1.02–1.29) | 0.77 (0.69–0.87) | 0.94 (0.83–1.07) | 1.78 (1.53–2.07) |
 Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 0.99 (0.88–1.12) | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | 0.88 (0.77–0.99) | 0.68 (0.60–0.76) | 0.78 (0.68–0.90) | 0.95 (0.81–1.10) |
 2-yr lag model | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) | 0.87 (0.76–0.99) | 0.67 (0.59–0.77) | 0.78 (0.67–0.89) | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) |
Accidents and injuries | |||||||
 Deaths | 1331 | 425 | 725 | 685 | 1312 | 697 | 397 |
 Person-years | 2,798,158 | 635,930 | 1,029,426 | 1,572,351 | 3,444,244 | 1,551,492 | 572,793 |
 Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) | 1.15 (0.99–1.34) | 0.79 (0.67–0.93) | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) | 0.85 (0.73–1.00) | 1.70 (1.39–2.08) |
 Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 1.08 (0.90–1.29) | 1.04 (0.90–1.20) | 0.85 (0.72–0.99) | 0.96 (0.83–1.11) | 0.90 (0.77–1.06) | 1.48 (1.22–1.80) |
 2-yr lag model | 1 (ref) | 0.96 (0.79–1.16) | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 0.78 (0.66–0.92) | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | 0.87 (0.74–1.02) | 1.34 (1.09–1.65) |
Alzheimer’s disease | |||||||
 Deaths | 1730 | 448 | 715 | 517 | 782 | 442 | 142 |
 Person-years | 2,798,158 | 635,930 | 1,029,426 | 1,572,351 | 3,444,244 | 1,551,492 | 572,793 |
 Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.04 (0.89–1.21) | 0.96 (0.84–1.09) | 0.74 (0.64–0.86) | 0.71 (0.62–0.82) | 0.88 (0.75–1.04) | 0.73 (0.49–1.09) |
 Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | 0.76 (0.65–0.88) | 0.68 (0.59–0.78) | 0.83 (0.69–0.99) | 0.84 (0.70–1.00) |
 2-yr lag model | 1 (ref) | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 0.92 (0.80–1.05) | 0.73 (0.63–0.85) | 0.69 (0.60–0.79) | 0.84 (0.70–1.00) | 0.85 (0.68–1.08) |
Diabetes mellitus | |||||||
 Deaths | 1574 | 504 | 927 | 591 | 747 | 364 | 138 |
 Person-years | 2,798,158 | 635,930 | 1,029,426 | 1,572,351 | 3,444,244 | 1,551,492 | 572,793 |
 Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.16 (0.98–1.38) | 1.39 (1.22–1.58) | 0.86 (0.75–1.00) | 0.46 (0.39–0.53) | 0.41 (0.34–0.50) | 0.59 (0.43–0.82) |
 Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 1.17 (1.02–1.33) | 0.92 (0.79–1.08) | 0.72 (0.61–0.84) | 0.73 (0.60–0.88) | 0.93 (0.66–1.29) |
 2-yr lag model | 1 (ref) | 0.90 (0.75–1.08) | 1.16 (1.00–1.33) | 0.93 (0.79–1.08) | 0.70 (0.59–0.82) | 0.72 (0.59–0.88) | 0.90 (0.64–1.27) |
Influenza and pneumonia | |||||||
 Deaths | 952 | 253 | 477 | 320 | 465 | 239 | 109 |
 Person-years | 2,798,158 | 635,930 | 1,029,426 | 1,572,351 | 3,444,244 | 1,551,492 | 572,793 |
 Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 0.77 (0.61–0.96) | 1.11 (0.94–1.30) | 0.67 (0.55–0.82) | 0.57 (0.48–0.67) | 0.53 (0.43–0.67) | 0.88 (0.62–1.25) |
 Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 0.73 (0.59–0.91) | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | 0.69 (0.57–0.83) | 0.63 (0.52–0.75) | 0.58 (0.46–0.73) | 0.80 (0.57–1.13) |
 2-yr lag model | 1 (ref) | 0.70 (0.55–0.88) | 1.00 (0.84–1.19) | 0.69 (0.56–0.84) | 0.62 (0.52–0.74) | 0.58 (0.46–0.74) | 0.81 (0.56–1.16) |
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, or nephrosis | |||||||
 Deaths | 895 | 284 | 474 | 330 | 428 | 184 | 97 |
 Person-years | 2,798,158 | 635,930 | 1,029,426 | 1,572,351 | 3,444,244 | 1,551,492 | 572,793 |
 Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.12 (0.92–1.37) | 1.12 (0.94–1.34) | 0.99 (0.81–1.22) | 0.54 (0.44–0.65) | 0.48 (0.37–0.62) | 0.87 (0.61–1.23) |
 Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.81–1.17) | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) | 1.02 (0.84–1.23) | 0.66 (0.54–0.81) | 0.62 (0.48–0.79) | 0.98 (0.71–1.36) |
 2-yr lag model | 1 (ref) | 1.01 (0.82–1.23) | 0.97 (0.81–1.17) | 1.07 (0.87–1.32) | 0.69 (0.56–0.84) | 0.65 (0.50–0.84) | 1.04 (0.73–1.47) |