Table 1 Participants’ baseline characteristics
Characteristics | mHealth group (n = 310) | Usual care group (n = 329) |
|---|---|---|
Maternal age, years | ||
Distribution, no. (%) | ||
 20–29 | 67 (21.6) | 67 (20.4) |
 30–34 | 138 (44.5) | 150 (45.6) |
 35–45 | 105 (33.9) | 112 (34.0) |
 Mean [SD] | 32.8 [4.1] | 33.0 [4.2] |
Married or partnered, no. (%) | 309 (99.7) | 329 (100) |
Primipara, no. (%) | 196 (63.2) | 198 (60.2) |
Gestational age at participation, no. (%) | ||
 First trimester (≤ 13 weeks) | 129 (41.6) | 143 (43.5) |
 Second trimester (14–27 weeks) | 62 (20.0) | 71 (21.6) |
 Third trimester (≥ 28 weeks) | 119 (38.4) | 115 (35.0) |
Household size, no. (%) | ||
 1 | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.3) |
 2 | 188 (60.7) | 190 (57.8) |
 ≥ 3 | 120 (38.7) | 138 (42.0) |
Equivalent household income, no. (%) | ||
 Low (≤ 2.5 million yen) | 102 (32.9) | 101 (30.7) |
 Intermediate (> 2.5 & ≤ 4.5 million yen) | 159 (51.3) | 159 (48.3) |
 High (> 4.5 million yen) | 48 (15.5) | 68 (20.7) |
 Unknown | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) |
Education, no. (%) | ||
 < 16 years (Under university) | 77 (24.8) | 71 (21.6) |
 ≥ 16 years (University or higher) | 233 (75.2) | 258 (78.4) |
Elevated depressive symptoms at baseline, no. (%) | ||
 EPDS ≥ 13 | 16 (5.2) | 26 (7.9) |
 EPDS ≥ 9 | 64 (20.7) | 72 (21.9) |
Having past mental health problems, no. (%) | 20 (6.5) | 35 (10.6) |