Effectiveness of mHealth consultation services for preventing postpartum depressive symptoms: a randomized clinical trial

Table 2 Primary and secondary outcomes by groups

Outcome	mHealth group (n = 310)	Usual care group (n = 329)	Relative risk^a (95% CI)	Mean difference^b (95% CI)	P Value
Primary outcome, no. (%) or mean [SD]
Elevated postpartum depressive symptoms (EPDS ≥ 9)	47/310 (15.2)	75/329 (22.8)	0.67 (0.48–0.93)	-	.02
Scores of EPDS	4.7 [3.9]	5.6 [4.5]	-	-0.84 (-1.5 to -0.18)	.01
Secondary outcome, no. (%) or mean [SD]
Parenting self-efficacy	47.9 [6.2]	46.9 [6.8]	-	0.97 (-0.05 to 1.98)	.06
Loneliness	6.78 [2.2]	7.17 [2.3]	-	-0.39 (-0.73 to -0.04)	.03
Barriers to healthcare access	4.1 [6.6]	5.2 [7.1]	-	-1.05 (-2.12 to 0.02)	.05
Number of medical service usage for their children
Clinic visits during daytime	1.2 [1.6]	1.3 [1.8]	-	-0.11 (-0.38 to 0.15)	.40
Clinic visits during night/holiday	0.09 [0.63]	0.08 [0.60]	-	0.008 (-0.09 to 0.10)	.87
Ambulance use	0.04 [0.19]	0.02 [0.16]	-	0.01 (-0.01 to 0.04)	.30
New visits to a psychiatric/psychosomatic clinic	2/310 (0.65)	9/329 (2.74)	0.24 (0.05–1.08)	-	.06

Abbreviations: EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation
^aRelative risks were calculated using modified Poisson regression models
^bMean differences were calculated using linear regression models

ISSN: 1741-7015